四川盐源盐矿成盐成钾分析预测

四川盐源盆地盐矿成盐于早、中三叠世时期,区域构造复杂,经历多期次的构造变动与演化,在成盐后经历了种种的基底反复变动后形成盐矿底辟构造。以前在该区域做过多方面的研究工作,其中包括三叠纪岩相古地理及生物古地理、三叠系地层、区域古构造演化及水化学分析、物探、钻探等勘探工程。通过这些工作可以证实,盐源盆地在早、中三叠世,经历了蒸发岩盆地的发育阶段。盆地不仅发育有石膏夹层,而且保存有石盐层及含盐卤水层,但有盐无钾。通过对上覆的陆相古近纪和新近纪盆地中出现的三叠系岩盐层和盐丘的研究发现,它们与基底为含盐的海相蒸发岩有一定的内在联系,尽管还不能确定其盐、钾资源前景,但可以确定该区域有成钾盐矿藏的条件和可能,因此,该盆地有可能成为深入研究成盐找钾的重点地区。     

Origin of aragonite in a continental saline seep,north Queensland

Aragonite, low‐magnesian calcite, gypsum and halite were identified by X‐ray diffraction and electron microbeam techniques in mineral precipitates near a salt seep 50 km southwest of Charters Towers in north Queensland. The chemistry of water from the creek and from the groundwater at the salt seep shows that Mg:Ca ratios are greater than or equal to 1.5 throughout the year. The formation of halite and gypsum is due to evaporative concentration of the water at the seep and that of the carbonates, in particular aragonite, is probably due to a combination of evaporation and photosynthetic activity by diatoms.     

甘肃武都万象洞方解石现代沉积控制因素分析

对洞穴次生碳酸盐沉积机理的认识是解释洞穴石笋气候环境指示意义的关键.近两个水文年的洞穴现代过程监测结果显示,万象洞内温湿度全年基本保持恒定;洞穴滴水的pH值夏季偏低、冬季偏高,呈现出一定的季节变化特征,电导率和HCO3-浓度及主要阴阳离子含量年内变化不显著;洞内CO2分压夏季偏高,冬季降低接近于当地大气的CO2分压水平.对不同滴水点的对比研究表明,滴水中Ca2+达到一定浓度是方解石沉积的必要条件.此外,万象洞夏季CO2分压的升高对方解石形成产生明显的抑制作用.万象洞石笋沉积的主要受控于滴水饱和度以及洞穴CO2分压.     

“8.2ka”事件的湖北神农架高分辨率年纹层石笋记录

基于湖北神农架青天洞1支长179mm石笋的8个230Th年龄、890条纹层和445个氧同位素数据,建立了早全新世8.8 ～7.9kaB.P.时段平均分辨率为2a的亚洲季风气候记录.结果显示,8.34～8.10kaB.P.期间石笋δ18O明显正偏,指示了一次持续约240a的弱夏季风事件.该弱夏季风事件与同期格陵兰冰芯记录的中心事件(在8.21kaB.P.,持续70a)及淡水注入模拟结果基本一致,表明“8.2ka”事件与淡水注入导致的大西洋经向翻转流减弱或关闭有关.然而,“8.2ka”事件发生前约120a,亚洲季风已开始逐渐减弱,与太阳活动明显减弱时间相对应,据此推测太阳活动可能对“8.2ka”事件具有一定的触发作用.     

Effect of the 2004 Asian tsunami in the sea cave of Tham Phaya Nak (Koh Phi Phi archipelago,Thailand) and possible evidence of a prehistoric event

Tsunamis may leave traces on the landscapes whose study provides a prehistorical approach and the analysis of possible recurrences. In karstic areas, caves and speleothems are good recorders for natural or anthropogenic events. They preserve traces of fragile remains as prehistoric paintings and they have been used for palaeoseismology studies. The effects of the 2004 Asian tsunami on the karstic shores have been studied in Western Thailand, close to Phuket. Limestone cliffs of Koh Phi Islands and the marine cave of Phi Phi Leh have been poorly affected, but a prehistoric-event has provoked the deposit of a layer of coral fragments into the cave. This damage could be attributed to a tsunami but a storm cannot be excluded.     

The effect of the Messinian Deep Stage on karst development around the Mediterranean Sea. Examples from Southern France

It is difficult to explain the position and behaviour of the main karst springs of southern France without calling on a drop in the water table below those encountered at the lowest levels of Pleistocene glacio-eustatic fluctuations. The principal karst features around the Mediterranean are probably inherited from the Messinian period (“Salinity crisis”) when sea level dropped dramatically due to the closing of the Straight of Gibraltar and desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea. Important deep karst systems were formed because the regional ground water dropped and the main valleys were entrenched as canyons. Sea level rise during the Pliocene caused sedimentation in the Messinian canyons and water, under a low hydraulic head, entered the upper cave levels.

The powerful submarine spring of Port-Miou is located south of Marseille in a drowned canyon of the Calanques massif. The main water flow comes from a vertical shaft that extends to a depth of more than 147 m bsl. The close shelf margin comprises a submarine karst plateau cut by a deep canyon whose bottom reaches 1,000 m bsl. The canyon ends upstream in a pocket valley without relation to any important continental valley. This canyon was probably excavated by the underground paleoriver of Port-Miou during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Currently, seawater mixes with karst water at depth. The crisis also affected inland karst aquifers. The famous spring of Fontaine de Vaucluse was explored by a ROV (remote observation vehicle) to a depth of 308 m, 224 m below current sea level. Flutes observed on the wall of the shaft indicate the spring was formerly an air-filled shaft connected to a deep underground river flowing towards a deep valley. Outcroppings and seismic data confirm the presence of deep paleo-valleys filled with Pliocene sediments in the current Rhône and Durance valleys. In the Ardèche, several vauclusian springs may also be related to the Messinian Rhône canyon, located at about 200 m below present sea level. A Pliocene base level rise resulted in horizontal dry cave levels. In the hinterland of Gulf of Lion, the Cévennes karst margin was drained toward the hydrologic window opened by the Messinian erosional surface on the continental shelf.     

CY-1钻孔盐水泥浆护壁技术

CY-1钻孔是河北沧县盐矿深部勘探的第一钻,在钻探施工中,泥浆护壁是遇到的技术难题之一。针对工区施工条件采用了分段泥浆转换方案,确保了施工安全及质量。实践表明,该钻孔泥浆护壁方法技术路线可行,实现了顺利取心,为沧州地区深部盐矿勘探积累了经验。详细介绍了该孔盐水泥浆护壁技术。     

盐湖氯化镁溶雪剂融冰效果的研究

目前融雪剂主要有两大类,第一类是氯盐系,通常指氯化钠、氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化钾等,其融雪效果好,原料易得,价格便宜。第二类是非氯盐有机物系,通常指醋酸钙、醋酸镁、醋酸钾和特殊有机物等为主要成分的融雪剂,这类融雪剂冰点高,融雪效果较差,价格昂贵不易推广,只局限于机场、跑道、桥梁等特殊地段使用。随着各地区对环境保护力度的加大,出现混合型融雪剂,其在上述两类融雪原料中添加缓蚀剂,以减小对道路、设施、植被、土壤的侵蚀。利用盐湖提钾后的尾矿氯化镁(MgCl_2·6H_2O)在110℃~127℃干燥后作为融雪原料,研究不同低温段的融冰效果,与传统融雪剂氯化钠的融冰能力进行对比,得到了理想结果,为尾矿氯化镁开辟了新的利用方向。     

Effects of salt and alkali stress on Reaumuria soongorica germination

Seed germination and early seedling growth are crucial stages for plant establishment. Two neutral (NaCl and Na₂SO₄) and two alkali (NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃) salts were selected to investigate their effects on germination and recovery responses in Reaumuria soongorica. Results show that both salt types significantly reduced germination and radicle elongation. The rate of germination and emergence of R. soongorica seeds continuously decreased as salinity increased, and the time to achieve maximum germination rate was delayed. The speed of seed germination dropped rapidly as salt concentration increased. Alkaline salts restricted the germination rate of R. soongorica seeds, and stresses resulting from alkaline salts and high concentrations of neutral salts resulted in many deformed seedlings. The length of the radicle and germ decreased with increasing salt concentration, but certain concentrations of salt and increased pH promoted germ growth. The results of regression analysis show that salt concentration was the dominant factor inhibiting R. soongorica seed germination rate. Salinity, buffering capacity, and pH all affected embryo growth, but salinity had the most pronounced effect. Seed viability under highly saline conditions appears to be a better indicator of adaptation to saline environments than seed germination under saline conditions.