S/D-2井欠饱和盐水钻井液技术

S/D-2井在井深2480 m以后钻遇了大段复杂的盐膏层,由于盐的溶解而造成井径扩大及盐析而结晶造成卡钻。针对上述问题,应用了聚磺欠饱和盐水钻井液体系,解决了钻遇盐膏层后的井壁失稳、钻井液污染等技术问题。详细介绍了该井聚磺欠饱和盐水钻井液的应用技术。     

盐渍土冻结温度的试验研究

冻结温度是判别土体是否处于冻结状态的指标,在人工冻结和数值模拟计算中影响冻结壁的厚度和计算精度.通过采用不同土体添加不同的盐分,对不同含水量和含盐量土体进行盐渍土的冻结温度试验,考虑了不同因素对土体冻结温度的影响.实验表明：不论何种土含有何种离子,土体的冻结温度随含盐量的增加而降低,随含水量的增加而增大;土中易溶盐的含...     

盐湖盆地浅水三角洲沉积模式——以江汉盆地潜江凹陷新沟咀组为例

本文通过岩心、测井、录井资料,结合研究区古气候特征、岩性特征、古生物标志和沉积构造特征,提出江汉油田潜江凹陷新沟咀组属于盐湖盆地浅水湖泊三角洲沉积。在盐湖沉积背景下,新沟咀组沉积时期气候相对干旱,水体较浅,无深湖-半深湖沉积,且研究区地势平缓,倾角相对较小,在河流入湖处发育浅水三角洲沉积体系,并且发育三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲泥三种沉积亚相。以沉积相平面分布图为基础,建立了新沟咀组浅水三角洲沉积模式。     

采空区稳定性评价及处治对策

根据煤层开采后影响上覆岩层及地表而产生移动和变形的时间的变化关系定性分析采空区稳定性,而且采用FLAC3D模拟了在施加地面建筑载荷后地表变形情况,确定了采空区需要处理的范围;依据建筑物荷载集度及其重要程度,采用了不同注浆处治对策.通过对采空区上覆岩体的沉降和建筑物沉降监测数据的统计分析,评估了处治效果.     

一种短基线硐体应变仪

实验发现,在硐体完整基岩1 m深处,日温度波动只有硐体空气中日温度波动的的百分之一左右.将1m基线的硐体应变仪,用自应力水泥耦合在硐体1 m深度的基岩槽中,可以提高硐体应变仪的稳定性和高频性能.     

河北省天桂山典型溶洞景观成因类型

河北省天桂山地区的喀斯特洞穴集中分布在早古生代寒武纪-奥陶纪碳酸盐岩地层中,多沿NW-SE、NE-SW和近S-N断裂发育.受第四纪间歇性构造抬升影响,溶洞具有成层分布特点.以溶洞景观类型为基础,将该区溶洞分为侵蚀型和堆积型两大类,分别以银河洞和珍珠洞为代表,前者多发育各种窝穴、流痕、边槽等侵蚀及坍塌景观,后者则发育各种化学堆积景观.研究溶洞景观成因类型及特征对于天桂山旅游资源的合理开发和保护具有重要指导意义.     

昆特依大盐滩矿床储卤层水文地质特征的分析

昆特依大盐滩矿床的卤水主要以晶间、层间卤水的方式赋存,其水文地质条件制约着其开采模式,查明矿床储卤层的水文地质条件可为钾资源开发提供有利技术依据。     

尕斯库勒盐湖卤水模拟自然蒸发试验研究

尕斯库勒湖是柴达木盆地众盐湖中较为典型的硫酸镁亚型盐湖。利用相图规律对该盐湖卤水自然蒸发的结晶路线进行了分析,并通过室内模拟自然蒸发试验进行了验证,最终获得了在自然条件下蒸发卤水分步结晶不同盐类的工艺路线,可为该盐湖资源综合利用提供依据。     

盐溶液入渗过程的电阻率成像法时空监测

采用电阻率成像法探讨了室内实验尺度上岩体中盐溶液的入渗过程。在岩柱试样上进行蒸馏水和盐溶液的入渗实验,在入渗过程中通过多通道高密度电阻率勘测系统对岩柱的电性特征在三维空间上进行动态监测。然后对入渗过程岩柱进行电阻率成像,从而获得不同时刻岩柱中的电阻率分布。各勘测截面上电阻率的分布和变化基本反映了岩柱内盐溶液的时空变化特征,表明电阻率成像法动态监测室内实验尺度岩石中盐溶液的入渗是可行的,岩柱5个截面的电阻率图像表明溶液的入渗是不均匀的。     

Sedimentation and Boundary Changes of Virginia Salt Marshes

Sediment collections on a mainland fringing marsh, a lagoon marsh and a barrier island fringing marsh were conducted in conjunction with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of aerial photographs to relate changes in marsh area to sedimentary processes. The island marsh lost 7·2% of its area in 8 years by overwash. The lagoon marsh lost 10·6% of its area over 41 years by recession of marsh edges. The mainland marsh area increased by 8·2% over 50 years, primarily by upland encroachment. Surface sediment was collected monthly at the mainland and lagoon marshes for 1 year to identify changes in the mean grain size, organic content and mass of sediment deposited on sampling plates. Short-term variability in these characteristics obscured seasonal differences. Grain size and monthly sediment accumulation decreased towards the interior of both marshes, while the organic matter content increased. On the lagoon marsh, coarse sediment at creekside stations, as well as grain size contrasts between surface and subsurface sediment, are consistent with erosion evident in GIS analysis. On the mainland marsh, sediment does not vary as much with location or depth, and topography appears stable. Tidal currents appear to be competent to resuspend most particle sizes represented in surface sediment samples, including aggregates, except at the edge of the lagoon site. Decreasing rates of marsh edge change reflect moderation of oceanic processes, while the interior of both lagoon and mainland marshes remained stable throughout the study. Both lagoon marsh losses to recession and mainland marsh gains from upland reflect the submergence which this shoreline experiences.