贵州织金洞世界地质公园喀斯特景观特征及其形成演化分析

织金洞世界地质公园,位于贵州高原西部,园区内喀斯特景观总体可概括为洞穴、峡谷、天生桥、天坑、高峰丛、丘陵、单面山与象形山、水文遗迹等8大类,它们以下三叠统海相碳酸盐岩为物质基础,有序、集中分布于织金洞、绮结河、东风湖三片相对独立,却又以绮结河为纽带紧密相连的喀斯特区域内,共同构成一个以洞穴、峡谷、天生桥、天坑为核心,形态雄伟、典型、优美、珍稀的高原喀斯特景观群。同时在对公园岩溶景观特征及区域地质背景进行分析和研究的基础上,系统研究和探讨了织金喀斯特,及织金洞、绮结河、东风湖三大地貌单元的形成演化过程,并认为它们的发育模式由地下喀斯特逐渐过渡至地表喀斯特,系统完整地纪录了贵州高原喀斯特的演化历程。     

莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带研究

菜州湾海岸平原在埋深６０ｍ内的浅埋古河道带,可分弥河、潍河和白浪河３个系统,它们大都呈掌状、放射状分布,并与其所属诉冲洪积扇范围相吻合,该区古河道的形成和发育是新构造运动和古气候环境演变的结果。自晚更新世晚期以来,该区有６期古河道发育,其中玉木早冰期古河道和玉木主冰期古河道的砂体沉积粒度粗、连通性好、分布广,即是富水性强、水质好的淡水含水层,又是该区海（咸）水入侵的主要通道,控制在线积粒度粗、连通     

注浆技术在溶洞地基处理中的应用

在电厂老厂房扩建时地基需要进行注浆加固。根据现场实际情况,针对溶洞地形的地质特征,选取合理的注浆参数及孔位布置,采用合适的钻进方法及注浆技术对地基进行了注浆加固处理,并提出了特殊情况的处理办法。通过注浆后的检测,证明该注浆加固取得了良好的效果。     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System $48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a cross- formationai flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal fows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI- and K Na , is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified: (1) residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, (2) residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and (3) interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System $48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Brconcentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enrichment of oil/gas become weaker, residual water increases, and the salinity and concentration of Br- decrease. At the edge of the main cave, although the wells have a high deliverability at the beginning with a short stable production period and water-free production period. After water breakthrough, the pressure and deliverability drop quickly, and the water content rises quickly. The hydrochemistrai characteristics of the produced water are relatively uniform. Wells in the branch caves have a relatively low deliverability at the beginning, with a short stable production period. Water breakthrough appears quickly and then the pressure and deliverability drop quickly. The salinity and concentrations of CI-and K Na are usually fluctuant or descend slowly in the produced water. Wells in low areas of ancient karst have a low deliverability and a short stable production period. The yield drops quickly and the water content is high, while the characteristics of the produced water may vary significantly well to well. The salinity and concentrations of CI- and K, Na in the produced water are usually fluctuant with a precipitous decline.     

Recent sedimentation processes in the Northern Aral Sea

A survey of recent bottom sediments in the Northern Aral Sea was undertaken to elucidate the main direction of the alteration of sedimentation processes as a result of the significant decrease in the level of the sea from the beginning of the 1960s. Investigations were carried out in August–September 1991 from on board helicopter MI-8 MTV-1 which was equipped with the navigation system “LORAN-OMEGA”. Sediments were sampled by means of gravity coring and grab sampling. The frequency of sampling was about 1 station per 10 km². At several sites, water samples were collected. Grain-size analysis was undertaken and the mineralogy of the sediments was determined by optical means, using an SEM energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and X-ray diffractometry using a DRON-2.0 diffractometer.     

盐卤硼酸盐化学ⅩⅩ.：天然含硼盐卤的蒸发相图

在进行青藏高原盐湖含硼盐卤天然蒸发和25℃等温蒸发实验的基础上,绘制成复杂盐卤的蒸发相图。该相图与Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)//Cl、SO_4~(2-)—H_2O体系25℃介稳相图基本上相符合。在将蒸发相图与该五元体系平衡溶解度相图进行比较后,从盐溶液化学的角度对蒸发相图的形成原因进行了解释。     

氯盐和冻融耦合下水泥土的强度和破坏特征

为了研究氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下水泥土无侧限抗压强度和破坏特征, 进行了不同浓度氯化钠溶液下的水泥土冻融循环试验, 得到了冻融前后的冻融腐蚀因子、 体积变化率和变形模量, 分析了微观结构特征。结果表明： 在氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子均随着冻融循环次数的增加而呈现下降趋势; 氯盐浓度越高, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子下降的幅度越大。随着冻融循环次数的增加, 在同种浓度溶液中, 水泥土的体积变化率增大, 变形模量减小; 氯盐浓度增大, 水泥土体积膨胀变大, 内部结构松散, 抵抗变形的能力减弱。相同冻融循环次数下, 氯盐溶液产生的损伤要大于清水中的损伤, 随着氯盐溶液浓度的增加, 水泥土内部微观结构损伤越严重。     

多功能复合剂在伊塘湖矿区ZK11-1孔的应用

多功能复合剂是一种针对复杂地层钻探研发的新型膨润土有机改性钻井液复合材料。通过敦煌伊塘湖钾镁盐矿区ZK11—1孔的成功应用,证明其具有高效护壁作用,抗盐侵污染能力强,用其配制饱和盐水钻井液可适用于岩盐、钾石盐、光卤石等盐膏地层钻进。     

一种改进均值的自适应中值滤波算法

针对自适应中值滤波算法在滤除高浓度椒盐噪声和保留图像边缘细节中的不足,提出了一种改进均值的自适应中值滤波(IMAMF)算法。该算法采用扩充图像边界的方式,使得原图像的边界点能在自适应的滤波窗口下参与噪声检测和滤波处理,并在检测噪声和信号时,增加了噪声阈值判定,将存在噪声的像素点用修正后的均值滤波器值输出,信号点则用原始灰度值输出。为了验证算法的可行性,采用了5种不同的算法进行仿真对比分析,并从主观角度和客观指标上进行效果评价。试验结果表明:该算法能有效滤除浓度为10%～90%范围内的椒盐噪声,且图像细节和边缘信息得到了更好的保留,滤波性能明显优于其他算法。