GIS和RS技术在湿地资源研究中的应用——以大庆市湿地为例

以大庆市湿地为研究对象,以地理信息系统和遥感技术为技术平台,介绍了湿地环境因子研究工作程序及湿地现状类型分布研究,分析了地理信息系统和遥感技术在湿地资源研究中的地位和作用,从而为GIS与RS技术在湿地资源应用研究中提供理论支持。     

北京市野鸭湖湿地土壤盐渍化遥感监测与动态分析

以北京野鸭湖涅地为例,利用遥感影像,深入分析涅地地区盐渍化土壤的光谱特征,借助PCI和ENVI图像处理平台,进行盐渍化土壤专题信息的提取,得出涅地地区土壤盐渍化的动态演变趋势。     

Mitigation of municipal solid waste leachate contamination at Payatas, Metro Manila, Philippines： A technical proposal

The gross environmental condition of the Payatas Disposal Facility in Metro Manila, Philippines, implores the need for sustainable technologies to control and abate toxic municipal solid waste leachate and protect public health. A team of environmental engineers recognized this need by selecting the site as a design project for the Mondialogo Worldwide Engineering Award, sponsored by the United Nations and Daimler Chrysler. The project culminated in a technical proposal that highlighted the following design features： an impermeable dumpsite cap to control leachate generation; vertical impermeable barriers for containment and isolation of leachate; a drainage system to divert clean, surface water from the cap and prevent its contamination prior to discharge; a leachate recirculation system to enhance stabilisation of the waste deposit; and a facultative lagoon and constructed wetland system to treat excess leachate.     

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS OF SHALLOW LAKE IN THE ZHALONG WETLAND

1 INTRODUCTIONNitrogen and phosphorus in the water are the nu-trients limited in natural wetlands,which seriously in-fluence on the ecosystem production and the biodiver-sity(Mitsch,Grosselin,2000).Nitrogen and phos-phorus recycles have been interrupted b…     

湿地生态系统碳循环过程及碳动态模型

从地上、地下有机物质生产对湿地碳输入的贡献,湿地土壤碳库以及土地利用变化对湿地土壤碳库和碳排放的影响,甲烷排放和可溶性有机碳输出以及影响因子,湿地生态系统碳循环动态模型4个方面对湿地生态系统碳循环国内外研究进展和研究成果进行综述、分析,提出了我国亚热带区域天然湿地碳循环研究的主要热点和方向:⑴沿海湿地碳库估算及土地利用转化对土壤碳库和温室气体排放的影响;⑵酸沉降对于我国东南沿海低纬度地区湿地甲烷排放的影响;⑶沿海湿地生态系统碳循环动态模型的应用与开发;⑷湿地系统可溶性有机碳的输出机理探讨.     

Impact of oasis establishment on underground environment in salinized sandy lands

The salinized sandy lands are the important reclaimable reserve wastelands in thesouth area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. But it is necessary that the eco-logical environment of the area is not destroyed by action of oasis development. The main factor tohinder oasis development is land salinization. Rational oasis establishment rebuilds wastelandswith lower productivity and utilization efficiency for the growth of agriculture, forestry, and stock raising. The results of surveying sub-soil environment of Aimugaike. Awati oasis in Hotian County ofthe Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region show that the underground water and soil environment arenot deteriorated under the rational management and administration, which could be coordinatedfor obtaining economic and environmental benefit. During the oasis establishment period from1997 to 1999, the plowland area has reached 166.7 hm2, and the seed cotton yield per unit areahas reached 2250 kg @ hm-2, the area of timber forest and active sand break forest has reached 20hm2, the area of fruit trees is 71.5 hm2; and the soil moisture has decreased from 22.07% to18.12%. In the first year of oasis establishment, the soil type has changed salt soil into light saltsoil, in the second year the soil has been out of salt harm; and the content of soil organic matter intopsoil has increased obviously.     

Riparian alder fens — source or sink for nutrients and dissolved organic carbon? — 2. Major sources and sinks

Natural riparian forest wetlands are known to be effective in their ability to remove nitrate by denitrification and sediments with attached phosphorus via sedimentation. On the other hand, litter input and decomposition is a process of crucial importance in cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in a forest ecosystem.In this study we investigated the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering the alder fen ecosystem through leaf litter and its decomposition and the removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus by measuring denitrification and sedimentation in the alder fen.We found an average input of leaf litter during fall 1998 of 226 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ DW with nutrient concentration of 0.17% P and 1.6% N. This means a yearly input of 0.4 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ P and 3.6 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ N. The decomposition of leaf litter using litter bags with small and large mesh size resulted in bags with macroinvertebrates (large mesh size) and without macroinvertebrates (small mesh size). After 57 days the litter bags with macroinvertebrates had a decomposition rate of 79%.Denitrification was measured in May and June of 1997 using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores and slurry-experiments. The average annual denitrification rate was 0.2 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ N using data from the core experiments. The denitrification rate was higher after addition of nitrate, indicating that denitrification in the riparian alder fen is mainly controlled by nitrate supply.The sedimentation rate in the investigated alder fen ranged from 0.47 kg m⁻² yr⁻¹ DW to 4.46 kg m⁻² yr⁻¹ DW in 1998 depending on the study site and method we used. Sedimentation rates were lower in newly designed plate traps than in cylinder traps. The alder fen also showed lower rates than the adjacent creek Briese. Average phosphorus removal rate was 0.33 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ P.Input sources for the surface water of the alder fen are sediment mineralization and decomposition of leaf litter; output sources are sedimentation and denitrification. This study showed that a nutrient input of 24.58 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ N, 8.8 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ P and 419 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ DOC into the surface water of the alder fen is possible. Alder fens cannot improve water quality of an adjacent river system. This is only true for a nearly pristine alder fen with the hydrology of 10 months flooded conditions and 2 months non-flooding conditions a year.     

双台河口自然保护区濒海湿地景观变化及其管理对策研究

从国内外湿地研究进展看，濒海湿地景观变化及其管理对策研究得到人们越来越广泛的重视。以辽宁双台河自然保护区为研究区域，利用1994和1997年两期TM数据进行GIS数据处理，通过各种类型的湿地景观在该时段的面积变化得到保护区濒海湿地景观的动态变化特征，并在变化原因分析的基础上提出了一些相应的保护区管理对策，以便更好地为湿地保护和管理提供决策依据。     

湿地旅游可持续发展研究

湿地以其独具特色的自然和文化景观为湿地旅游提供了有利条件。本文在可持续发展思想的基础上提出了湿地旅游这一概念，分析了湿地旅游发展与湿地环境保护之间的关系；针对湿地生物多样性、景观多样性、文化多样性等特点对湿地的旅游价值作了进一步的探讨，提出了湿地旅游可持续发展的几点对策。     

Total N,total P and organic matters content in floodplain soils of Xianghai Nature Reserve

Soil sediment samples of 10 layers with a spacing of 10 cm each were collected in different floodplain zones adjacent to Huolin River in the Xianghai Nature Reserve, and contents of total N, total P and organic matters were analyzed. The results showed that contents of total N, total P and organic matters were generally decreasing with the increase of distance from sample locations to the river channel, and contents of the three items were generally higher in the upper soil layer than that in the lower soil layer. The content variations displayed how flooding functions influenced nutrient matter content variations in floodplain soils since the flood inundation frequencies of the sample locations varied. The correlation analysis displayed that there were remarkable relativities between total N, total P and organic matters within definite spatial distance from the Huolin River channel.