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地表的分形测量及其大地构造学意义 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以湖北红安地区为例,采用投影覆盖法(projectivecoveringmethod)对地表进行了二维分形测量,结果表明,地表面积具有双分形(bifractal)关系,即具有小尺度的结构分形(texturalfractal)和大尺度的构造分形(structuralfractal),分叉点(breakpoint)的尺度为3610m,分维值都在2~3之间且结构分维值大于其构造分维值。可见,地表形态具有分形性质,分维值可以指示地表形态的复杂程度。构造分维值可作为构造活动强度的一个指标,可为大地构造单元的划分提供定量依据。复杂地表形态主要是由构造活动(内营力作用)和各种复杂表生地质作用(外营力作用)引起的,前者主要控制大尺度的地形起伏,后者则塑造小尺度的地表形态。地表分维值可以指示地表的发育成熟度,该地区小尺度的结构分维值大于大尺度的构造分维值表明其处于地表形态的发育晚期。此外,地表的分形尺度可以来用确定构造活动尺度,从而指导构造地质与找矿勘探研究。 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):857-867
Abstract Water abstraction for irrigation upstream of a reservoir and its impact on reservoir yield and reliability are studied. Water demand and availability are strongly related in semi-arid environments where the irrigation sector is responsible for a large part of consumptive water use. Variations in water abstractions for irrigation depend on irrigation requirements per hectare and the size of the irrigated area. The Orós Reservoir in semi-arid Northeast Brazil has been taken as a case study. The results show that water abstracttion for irrigation is of significant importance for reservoir yield and reliability. Yield—reliability simulations for the study area show that taking into account upstream water abstraction for a reservoir yield of 20.0 m3/s results in a water-scarcity probability of 10% on an annual basis (90% reliability). This is only 5% if up-stream abstraction for irrigation is ignored. This study shows that observed land-use changes in the study area do have a significant impact on reservoir yield reliability. The variability of upstream water abstraction was found to be of low importance for reservoir yield and reliability. 相似文献
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D. LE GOURIÉRÈS 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):301-313
ABSTRACT In this paper, the author relies on Darcy's law and on an hypothesis formulated from experimental considerations to establish a semi-empirical formula for the calculation of the discharge of partially penetrating wells of free aquifer sunk in isotropic soils. This relatively simple relation applied to 27 cases studied under an experimental design or numerical computations, reveals itself to have an unexpected accuracy. Starting from previous formula, the author establishes another one for partially penetrating wells bored in anisotropic soils. 相似文献
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Abstract Laboratory flume experiments were undertaken to measure the vertical profiles of mean flow velocity for three different flow discharges and four different stem densities of Hydrilla verticillata. The data were used to calculate three parameters, namely Manning's roughness coefficient, the Reynolds number and the Froude number. In addition, empirical equations were obtained for the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity within the transitional zone and above the plant canopy. The results show that: (a) the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity exhibits three zone profiles; (b) Manning's roughness coefficient decreases with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity; (c) the relationship between Manning's roughness coefficient and the depth-averaged flow velocity is within the smooth left inverse curve; (d) Manning's roughness coefficient significantly changes with increasing density of Hydrilla; (e) the Froude number is independent of the density of Hydrilla; and (f) both the Reynolds number and the Froude number increase with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity. Citation Shi, J.Z., Li, Y.-H., Hughes, J.M.R., and Zhao, M., 2013. Hydrological characteristics of vegetated river flows: a laboratory flume study. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (5), 1047–1058. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz 相似文献
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公元1624年2月10日,即明代天启三年12月22日,在现今江苏省范围内发生了一次破坏性地震。在历次出版的地震目录中,扬州被确定为本次地震的震中,其主要依据为“扬州倒卸城垣三百八十余垛、城铺二十余处”的历史记述。《地震亘江南北疏》的发现为本次地震的研究提供了新的资料。本文分析已有资料的可靠性;选择相对可靠的历史资料划定Ⅵ度等烈度线;采用新划定的Ⅵ度等烈度线,按历史地震影响烈度的衰减关系确定本次地震的震级为6 1/4级;综合Ⅵ度等烈度线范围内的地震地质条件以及历史地震资料中人的感受、地表变形和各地地声方向记录,综合确定了震中位置大致在32.2°N、119.5°E,与1913年4月3日镇江5 1/2级地震(参考地名“江苏镇江”)震中相距不远。此外,本文还描述了本次地震的地震序列。 相似文献
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This paper presents a semi-analytical method for studying the two-dimensional problem of elastic wave scattering by surface irregularities in a half-space. The new method makes use of the member of a c-completeness family of wave functions to construct the scattering fields, and then applies equal but opposite tractions to those of the foregoing constructed scattering fields on the horizontal surface of the half-space to produce additional scattering fields. These additional scattering fields are a series of Lamb's solutions. Thus the whole scattering field constructed in the series automatically satisfies the Navier equations, the condition of zero traction on the half-space surface, and the radiation boundary conditions at infinity. Using the traction-free conditions along the canyon surface, the coefficients of the series solutions are determined via a least-squares method. For incident P, SV, and Rayleigh waves, the numerical results are presented for the scattering displacements in the vicinity of a semi-circular canyon in the half-space. 相似文献