衡阳南岳区农村居民点用地合理布局分析

城镇化水平的快速推进和社会主义新农村建设的开展给建设用地供给和耕地保护形成了巨大的压力。农 村居民点用地普遍散乱、粗放的现象为挖掘现有建设用地潜力,少占耕地提供了可能。以衡阳南岳区为例,应用GIS 空间分析与景观指数分析等方法,在分析社会经济、自然地理和生产环境三方面的主要因素对南岳区农村居民点 用地布局的影响后,提出引导南岳区农村居民点合理布局的对策与建议。     

辽宁雾预报区的划分初探

分析了1997—2006年辽宁境内能见度小于1000 m雾的时空分布特征。结果表明：就雾发生的频率而言,辽宁存在两个高值区和两个低值区,高值区分别位于黄海北部沿岸至辽宁东部山区和锦州北部至阜新一带,低值区分别位于辽宁中北部平原以及朝阳地区。从雾的日变化上看,近86%的雾出现在夜间,近69%的雾出现在02-08时,且多为辐射雾。地域不同但气候条件相近时,雾的日变化与雾发生的次数存在极其相似的特点。依据相似的地理环境和气候条件、雾的日变化特征以及雾发生次数等,将辽宁划分为5个预报区,对雾采取分区预报,以提高雾预报的准确率。     

农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证的实践与探索

土地是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础。真实、准确的土地所有权数据是国家进行宏观经济调控的基础和重要依据。本文以广东省韶关市某村为试点,介绍了农村土地承包经营权确权登记的技术路线和工作流程,探讨了权属调查及数据库建设的方法。     

Spatial Concentration in Australian Regional Development,Exogenous Shocks and Regional Demographic Outcomes: a South Australian case study

ABSTRACT

As a tribute to the massive contribution of our friend and colleague Graeme Hugo to the population and settlement geography of Australian rural areas, this paper presents a longitudinal study from his home State. It forms part of a wider study of the long-term demographic relationships between Australia’s rapidly growing regional cities and their surrounding functional regions. Of particular interest is the question of what effect the accelerating concentration of population and economic activity into a given regional city will have for the longer term demographic sustainability of its functional region as a whole. Taking the case of Port Lincoln, regional capital of most of South Australia’s Eyre Peninsula, it examines the nature of change in the functional region over the period 1947–2011, and investigates the forces feeding, and partly counteracting, the population concentration process, informed by concepts of evolutionary economic geography. In particular it traces the demographic impact (particularly differential migration and ageing trends) of exogenous shocks to the region’s essentially primary productive economic base during the period of major change from 1981 to 2011.     

An Individual Rural Geography

To date, only limited research has focused on the individual in rural geography compared to the importance given to the rural community. With the sociocultural turn and moral positions in rural geography, however, the individual is acquiring more relevance but encapsulated in analytical traditions of locality community and of marginal situations and people. This article synthesizes the most significant works about the individual, especially within rural geography, and its key dimensions are identified: citizenship (political and normative dimension), emotional aspects (the extraordinary moments in peoples' lives), everyday life (the relationship between the individual and the rural place), and difference and otherness (between and within others). To develop an individual rural geography, these four dimensions, which reflect different aspects of the rural individual, must be used in a complementary manner. The relevance of each dimension suggests different types of individualities in rural areas. Ultimately, this article proposes a “new humanism” in contrast with antihumanistic poststructural approaches.     

重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性时空分异与差异化调控

脆弱性作为乡村生产空间系统的重要属性,是探讨系统易受负面影响或损害程度的有效度量、解析系统可持续发展趋势的有效途径。以重庆市为研究区,以2007—2017年为研究时段,建立乡村生产空间系统脆弱性评价指标体系和评价模型,以定量测度乡村生产空间系统脆弱性,揭示其时空分异特征,进而划分脆弱性类型并提出差异化调控策略。结果表明:① 乡村生产空间系统脆弱性是系统运行状态的综合度量,包含暴露度、敏感性和适应能力3个要素,其体现了以“人”为核心的乡村多元主体与以“地”为核心的乡村生产空间之间相互影响、相互作用的互动制衡关系。② 乡村生产空间系统暴露度总体呈上升趋势及“局部突出、北高南低”的空间格局特征;敏感性总体呈波动下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征;适应能力总体呈快速上升趋势及“西高东低”的空间格局特征;脆弱性总体呈下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征。③ 将重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性划分为适应能力脆弱型、暴露—敏感脆弱型、敏感—适应脆弱型和强综合脆弱型4种类型,并按照“生态优先—分类调控—重点突出—因地施策”原则针对不同类型提出差异化“降脆”策略,以引导乡村生产空间系统可持续发展。     

The Three American Wests

In the twenty-first century, there are three American Wests, which cut across cultural, political, physical, and economic boundaries. Parts of the West are booming, building homes, and adding population; others are legally off limits to such development; and much of the West has been bypassed by such development and growth. These are called here the Booming West, Protected West, and Bypassed West. Maps of climate, political boundaries, ethnic and racial identities, or presidential voting patterns do not match these three Wests. Each West has a different relationship to the others and might see them as threats or opportunities, and each West can be expected to grow in different areas at the expense of other Wests. The boundaries between the three Wests could be important locations; sharp transitions can exist between Wests, perhaps nowhere more so than where a fast growing metro area abuts a national park or forest boundary. Finally, the effects of climate change cut across the three Wests and have different implications for their future. Continued population growth will further emphasize the boundaries between each of the three Wests and raise the stakes for their control.     

Fishermen responses on marine protected areas in the Baltic cod fishery

Much of the research that concerns the impacts of management measures in the eastern Baltic cod fishery has focused on fish stock rather than understanding fishermen's attitudes towards regulations. Hence, there is little information available on fishermen's responses although they are the ones whom the regulations affect most profoundly. This study analyses the views of fishermen towards management measures with an emphasis on fishing closures (marine protected areas, MPAs). Swedish log-book data from 1996 to 2005 were used to describe MPA induced fishing effort displacements. Fishermen argued that MPAs have been inefficient in conservation of cod stock. The enlargement of Bornholm MPA in 2005 caused substantial effort displacement towards areas dominated by smaller sized fish. This contributed to the increased discarding of juvenile cod. Enlarged MPAs also intensified competition between different fleet segments and reallocated fishing areas. To reduce fishing mortality, fishermen suggested days-at-sea (effort) regulation and an effective landings control system for all fleets that exploit cod stocks in the Baltic Sea Main Basin. These measures would better motivate fishermen for mutual rule compliance, which is a prerequisite for a sustainable cod fishery.     

新疆“名优特”瓜果种植区地质生态环境调查问题的初步探讨

地质生态环境调查是新一轮国土资源调查提出的一项新任务。开展新疆瓜果种植区的地质生态环境调查,正确分析新疆“名优特”瓜果种植业的制约因素,提出新疆瓜果地质生态环境调查内容方法和实施方案,确定其最佳的自然生长环境,并对瓜果种植区的土地资源进行评估和潜力预测,充分发挥出现有土地资源效益。     

计算伸展断层底界面深度的作图法简介

本文简介了计算正断层底界滑脱面深度的3种几何作图法。其中,M.W.Kilsdonk(1989)在Davison(1985)方法基础上作出的修正方法,简便且较准确。运用这种方法计算的鲁西地区深层次滑脱面深度与壳内低速层深度吻合。