新农村建设1∶2000航测成图成果分析

结合福建省测绘局提出＂千乡万村用图工程＂的需要及现有资料的实际情况,通过对试点区1∶2000新农建设用图的作业流程、生产工艺和最终测绘成果进行分析,讨论该项目所采用技术方案的可行性。     

专业服务导向的测量学实践教学改革探讨

从专业服务的角度分析了测量学与资源环境与城乡规划管理专业毕业生专业服务需求的关联性,提出该专业测量学课程的实践教学应围绕测量学为该专业提供信息与技术服务的特点实施改革,着重探讨了测量学实践教学改革的相关内容。     

新农村建设1∶2000航测成图成果分析

结合福建省测绘局提出"千乡万村用图工程"的需要及现有资料的实际情况,通过对试点区1∶2000新农建设用图的作业流程、生产工艺和最终测绘成果进行分析,讨论该项目所采用技术方案的可行性。     

Local economic linkages to community‐based tourism in rural Costa Rica

This paper reports on the contribution of tourism to the wellbeing of rural residents through the development of economic linkages engaged by community‐based tourism (CBT) in rural Costa Rica. In a qualitative case study of local economic linkages surrounding one such project in Chira Island, economic linkages were assessed at two levels: discourse and practice. The findings indicate that CBT does not involve the collective property of the community, but rather, the collective property of a group of community members organized in a formal association. As a result, a discourse on local economic linkages has been promoted by CBT support organizations in which hopes of wider benefits are placed on small linkages to services and products provided by local community members. However, a field survey suggested that the economic linkages generated by CBT in the community were sporadic and polyvalent and, furthermore, that the linkages with agriculture are negatively affected by scale and seasonality, resulting in leakages out of the community. These findings caution practitioners that CBT may only have small‐scale positive impacts on the local economy.     

The poorest and most vulnerable? On hazards,livelihoods and labelling of riverine communities in Bangladesh

Within the field of hazard research, vulnerability studies have been central to inducing a shift in the perspective on disasters as being primarily inflicted by geophysical events to that of apprehending disasters as destructive outcomes of particular social as well as hazardous environmental conditions. However, the inherent tendency within vulnerability studies to classify certain areas or people as 'vulnerable' may in some cases also serve to reinforce popular and/or ingrained prejudices, negative stereotypes and dubious explanations of the living conditions and fate of specific communities that become so labelled. The riverbanks and islands in river courses of Bangladesh have long been portrayed as home to the 'poorest' and most vulnerable communities, the widespread assumption being that people would only live in such riverine environments because they have no other options. Drawing on an examination of existing literature on char settlements in Bangladesh and data from a field site in the Jamuna River, this paper argues that the prevailing perceptions and labelling of char dwellers as 'vulnerable' people is based on a far too simplistic understanding of both rural migration patterns and the livelihoods obtained in these riverine areas.     

山东省城乡发展协调性空间差异分析

遵循全面性、主导性、可比性及可获得性原则,构建了城乡发展协调性评价指标体系,运用主成分分析方法分别计算出山东省17地市城市子系统和农村子系统的综合发展指数。在此基础上,通过城乡协调度系数对各地市城乡发展协调性进行了分析评价。结果表明:①山东省城乡发展协调性空间差异非常明显,总体而言,东部地区好于中西部地区。②城乡协调度与经济发展水平总体呈正相关,经济发展水平越高,城乡发展协调性越好。③协调是个相对、动态的概念,城乡协调发展亦没有绝对的标准,同样的协调度反映的信息不一定相同。     

旅游发展与乡村劳动力回流研究——以西递村为例

采取社会资本的研究视角,以安徽省南部世界文化遗产地西递村旅游发展与社会经济变迁的基本事实为案例,主要提出了一种对乡村外出劳动力向原社区回流并参与非农产业生产现象的社会经济解释。研究发现:①社区按年向有本社区户口的普通社区成员提供总收入相当比例的稳定收入,是吸引外出劳动力回流的重要原因;②社会资本和社会关系网络的效力在社区的空间范围之内才能得到发挥,是社区精英人物及与其有亲密关系的社区成员留守或回流的原因。     

水贫困测量及应用的国际研究进展

水贫困理论导源于一般的贫困理论,该理论确定了人们为了消除贫困必须具备的五种能力.五种基本能力与人们生存发展的五种生计资本以及水贫困的五个维度三者之间存在某种对应关系;水贫困的定义仍然处于争论之中,但是任何人对它的限定至少都包含着生计资本的一个或者多个方面.水贫困的测量也经历了由单个变量到多个变量、由相等权重到不同权重、由简单到复杂的演变过程.水贫困研究结果的分析方法也有五种之多,各有所侧重.在水贫困理论研究的国际应用方面,最具有代表性的成果是Caroline Sullivan博士于2002年在测算了各国WPI的基础上,对世界上147个国家的WPI得分进行了排队,结果芬兰以78.0的得分高居榜首,海地得分35.1分,列147位,中国得51.1分,居106位,并且根据计算数据编制了全球WPI地图.在国别研究中,Claudia Heidecke于2006对贝宁全国各地区的WPI值进行了计算,经研究,建立了贝宁的WPI地理空间数据库.另外,WPI还可在流域和社区尺度上应用.近年来,水贫困理论进一步发展为WWI和CVI,显示出水贫困理论的前景和发展趋势.     

乡村景观的概念内涵与发展研究

乡村景观由自然环境、人文景观及其中的社会结构所组成,是人与环境互动作用产生的生态综合体.文中通过不同学科范畴对乡村景观进行了概念辨析,认为乡村景观是人地互动的产物,是乡村地域范围内空间性的表征.通过对乡村景观的起源与发展的回顾及国内外乡村景观研究内容进行梳理,认为目前其主要研究内容集中于乡村景观分类、乡村景观评价、乡村景观格局及演变、乡村景观规划等4个方面,分析了目前乡村景观发展中存在的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望.