欠发达地区农村工业化与小城镇发展关系再分析

为深入重新认识现阶段中国农村工业化与小城镇发展的相互关系及其政策意义，深化对中西部地区农村工业发展现状和前景及其对发展重点小城镇战略的支持和贡献能力的认识，文章结合洞庭地区移民建镇工程实施的具体经验，基于对当地乡镇企业和移民的问卷调查结果，分析案例地区农村工业发展和农业剩余劳动力转移的现状和前景，从企业联系和劳动力就业空间行为和区位选择角度，论述了广大农村地区人口和经济活动空间分布的动态特征，进而探讨不同类型小城镇的社会经济空间集聚潜力，并为地方政府制定科学合理的农村工业化和城市化战略提出政策建议。     

西藏自治区农村经济发展制约因素分析

文章通过在抽样调查和政府统计年鉴有关资料的分析,结合我国农村经济发展新形势、新任务的要求,立足西藏自治区社会经济和自然条件现状,分析制约西藏自治区农村经济发展的因素,归纳为如下六个方面:①农牧业和农牧区经济结构不合理;②农牧业基础设施薄弱;③农畜产品市场流通与服务体系落后;④劳动力素质差,科技在农牧增收中的作用小;⑤非农牧产业发展缺乏有力的组织与引导;⑥农村组织化程度低和传统习俗对农牧民增收的制约。最后文章以生态经济理论为指导对西藏自治区农牧业和农牧区经济发展的六大制约因素进行了深入的分析,并提出了相应的发展对策。     

城市边缘区乡村景观综合评价研究--以北京市海淀区白家疃村为例

文章从城市边缘区乡村景观的特点出发，根据城市边缘区乡村景观所具有的3个层次功能，构建了包括社会效应、生态质量、美感效果三方面的评价指标体系。在此基础上建立综合评判模型，应用于北京市海淀区温泉镇白家疃村，揭示了其存在的问题。     

Actors, options and the challenges of forest management in anglophone Cameroon

Natural resources, especially the forest provide a means of livelihood to rural communities in most developing countries. Unfortunately these resources are under the threat of disappearing because of high population growth rates and poverty that characterise these communities. Any attempt by development agencies at conserving these resources is tantamount to depriving these rural areas of their survival base. Yet due to its strategic socio-economic and cultural importance, the forest ecosystem needs to be sustained for future generations. This paper examines the various challenges faced by the State and other conservation agencies in natural resource management and the possible options which can be employed in an effort to ensure a sustainable exploitation of the forest in Anglophone Cameroon. It discusses the efforts of these actors, within the framework of the emerging concept of community forestry, local community strengthening and integrated rural development. While highlighting some of the achievements of international NGOs like Bird Life International and World Wide Fund for Nature in the region, the study concludes that the future of sustainable management of forest resources relies on a holistic poverty alleviation approach that takes into consideration the empowerment of these communities. This will ensure that they participate and benefit from the exploitation of the resources in the form of local development. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Role of non-timber forest products as safety-nets: A review of evidence with a focus on South Africa

Poor, rural communities are vulnerable to adversity. To secure their livelihoods, people adopt multiple livelihood strategies, including using non-timber forest products (NTFPs). NTFPs have been identified as important to rural livelihoods, as an alternative land-use option as well as in fulfilling an important safety-net function although empirical evidence on the latter’s strength is limited. Whilst NTFPs may contribute towards alleviating poverty, this safety-net function needs more critical and quantitative investigation. This includes the establishment of an applicable definition so this function can be communicated to policy makers and taken into account in national poverty alleviation strategies and, in attempts to promote resource-conserving behaviour by highlighting the value of natural resources (including NTFPs) compared to alternative land-use options. Poverty in rural households is complex and households are vulnerable to a range of shocks. During adversity households can turn to a range of possible safety-nets. What determines the use of NTFPs as a safety-net, how this safety-net function manifests and the strength of this function is poorly understood and there is need for further investigation.     

乡村旅游区选址问题研究 --以昆明市为例

和一般旅游区一样,乡村旅游区具有满足旅游者不同需求的功能要素,由多个乡村旅游园区组成。在对昆明市周边乡村旅游区调查的基础上,对乡村旅游区的选址问题进行了探讨。与依托城市的时空距离、乡村旅游地的整体经济水平、农村特色和自驾车旅游是乡村旅游发展的4个背景条件。乡村旅游区选址受宏观和微观两个层次因子的影响:依托城市的出游能力、乡村旅游区的交通区位、旅游区位是3个宏观因素,乡村旅游区的聚集与屏蔽、乡村园区的周边环境状况是两个微观因素。最后从政策因素和旅游者品位变化的角度提出了影响乡村旅游区选址问题的两点补充意见。     

我国乡村社会地理研究述评

从产业、农民、农村3方面讨论我国乡村社会地理的研究进展.结果表明,虽然我国 相应研究已受到一定重视且有一定的广度,但尚未形成完整的学科体系,无论发 展阶段还是研究深度均落后于国外.通过文献综述,指出我国乡村社会地理研究的薄弱环节 ,并展望其未来发展趋势.     

国外生态工业园区的建设及其对我国的启示

本文在引进生态工业园区基本概念与理念的基础上,介绍了生态工业园区的产生及其在世界各国的发展历程,然后以美国与荷兰生态工业园区的建设为例,介绍了生态工业园区成功运行所需要的因素,尤其是论证了生态工业园区建设中各利益方参与和信息收集的重要性,从而为我国生态工业园区的建设和发展提供了有益借鉴.     

“TROPICALISM” IN FRENCH GEOGRAPHY: REALITY,ILLUSION OR IDEAL?

In important respects, the disciplinary field of “tropical geography” is a uniquely French field of study, and Pierre Gourou is conventionally seen as its founder and doyen. Yet Gourou did not see himself as the creator of a new paradigm or research school, and geographers were generally more influenced by his writings than by his teaching or any personal connection. With particular reference to French geographical research in and on tropical Africa during the second half of the twentieth century, it is suggested that the development of tropical geography as a subfield ‐ and tropicalism as a research orientation ‐ can be put down to a variety of factors and circumstances. Geographical research on Africa was pivotal, as was the rise to prominence in French research institutes of some of Gourou's disciples. But African academics also played a part, as did criticism of tropical geography for its marginalisation of issues of development and geopolitics. The paper examines this postwar intellectual history and attempts to draw from it a positive and forward looking legacy ‐ a reinvigorated and interdisciplinary “tropicalism”, the main axis of which would be the analysis of the specific characteristics of tropical ecology, and its use and transformation by the societies that live from it. Such a project may help us to confront the contemporary world ecological crisis, and forge critical research projects on globalisation (altermondialisme) that can discern and deal with the complex local‐global, and rural‐urban, articulations of this phenomenon.     

The future of family farming in Israel: the second generation in the Moshav

The Moshav, a family farm-based settlement, has been a prime example of the major changes in the rural space in Israel. The aim of this paper is to present and understand these changes by studying the economic characteristics of second-generation – that is relatively younger – households in the Moshav. This group has shown a higher tendency to either adopt a livelihood strategy of pluriactivity, or to disassociate itself from agriculture in favour of non-agricultural income-generating activities, both inside and outside the settlement. Both trends have emerged in response to the increasing difficulty of deriving income from agriculture. The paper identifies the major patterns of economic activity and income sources among this group and assesses future attitudes towards operating the farm, choosing pluriactivity as a livelihood strategy, and remaining on the farm in the future.