乡村旅游文化资源开发研究

乡村旅游是中国近年来才兴起的一种旅游活动,乡村旅游资源的开发形式多种多样,而旅游文化资源是旅游资源中的“质”。对乡村旅游文化资源的特点、类型、开发模式以及开发的切入点进行论述,以期在乡村旅游文化资源开发的过程巾,根据自身情况选择VC、EC、SC3种模式,实现旅游与生产双重功能、传统与现代文化双重结合、“硬环境”与“软环境”双重建设、自然与人文双重保护、游客休闲与丰富当地居民文化生活双重目标,实现乡村旅游的可持续发展。     

基于GIS技术的武夷山市农村居民点空间分布特征

农村居民点形成和发展与区域的自然环境有着密切的关系。利用GIS空间分析功能,定量分析农村居民点与海拔高度、坡度、坡向、交通、河流等自然环境因子的关系,结果表明:①武夷山市农村居民点的分布格局受海拔、坡度、坡向、道路、河流的影响比较明显。②农村居民点呈数量多、质量低、大散居、小聚居的空间分布特征,部分居民点分布在不适宜人们居住的区域,有待调整。因此本研究能为武夷山市农村居民点整理、农村居民点规划提供一定的决策支持。     

Chinese migrants in Melbourne and their house choices

Meanings behind the choice of the migrant house are explored through an examination of 12 houses of migrants who emigrated from mainland China to Melbourne during the 1990s and 2000s. A qualitative investigation shows that there are three interconnected meanings behind the choice of houses in Melbourne: a desire to counter past experiences of housing in China, a desire to improve future opportunities through housing, and the wish to blend into Australian society. While much of the literature claims that migrant housing represents the ethnic character of their owners through architectural features, these Chinese houses do not resemble past houses in China in any physical way. The location of the house in a ‘good’ suburb was the most important factor when choosing the house. The house should be located near good educational, transport and shopping services before the built form becomes important. Chinese migrants wish to assimilate into Australian society through their choice of ordinary houses that do not communicate their ethnic identity through their external façades, while also adopting Australian ways of living that are focused on gardens and backyards.     

我国城乡居民消费差异对CO2的影响分析

采用相关年度数据,利用脉冲响应函数和方差分解技术,详细分析了我国城乡居民消费现状,并探究了我国城乡居民消费差异对CO2排放的影响。结果表明,我国城镇居民的消费结构已由生存型消费向发展享受型转变,但农村居民仍旧停留在以"吃穿用"为主的传统消费阶段,这使得城乡居民消费水平的提高对CO2排放存在巨大差异。据测算,城镇居民消费水平的提高对CO2排放的影响几乎是农村居民消费水平提高对其影响的10倍。鉴于此,我国实现节能减排的目标,不仅需要改变生产方式,更需要转变居民消费理念、调整消费结构、引导居民合理消费,使居民消费行为由高能耗消费向低能耗消费转变。     

模拟区域土地利用变化的多主体模型及其在鄱阳湖区的应用(英文)

在较大区域内,城市用地扩张和农村土地利用发展一般同步进行。为了能够正确理解这类区域内土地利用/土地覆被变化的动力机制,本研究开发了一个基于多主体系统的土地利用模型。模型将鄱阳湖区视为一个典型区域,利用有限扩散聚合算法模拟城市主体的行为,采用基于涌现理论的主体模型模拟农村土地利用。农村子模型包括多种类型的主体和环境影响层,其中最重要的是农户主体,农户主体可以根据自身条件和周围的环境影响参数确定下一步土地利用的决策,政府主体则通过实施不同的政策对土地利用进行宏观控制。我们根据农户总收入和外出务工人员比例将农户主体分为6类,每种类型的农户主体遵循不同的决策规则。结果表明,本模型的模拟结果与鄱阳湖区1985 – 2005年的土地利用/土地覆被变化趋势高度相符。尤其重要的是,模拟结果充分表明农户主体的土地利用决策与国家政策紧密相关。这表明本研究建立的基于多主体的土地利用模型是一种评估政府土地管理政策效果的有效手段。     

Interpreting rural change in Malaysia

Relatively little in the literature on rural change in Southeast Asia engages with Malaysia, where the population is becoming urban‐based more rapidly than in many countries in the region. The literature on change in rural Malaysia during the past 40 years, supplemented by our own research, is used to identify key features of such change, which are considered in the context of existing interpretations to arrive at deeper understandings of rural change. Existing conceptualizations of rural change, it is suggested, must account for the diversity of roles taken by individuals daily, seasonally and at different life stages, as well as in multiple locations. Further attention needs to be paid to gender, generation and class among those experiencing change. Processes of rural (and urban) changes will continue and their complexity will reflect cultural and technological evolutions that affect individuals, households and communities throughout the world.     

城乡边缘区农户家庭就业空间行为模式及机制研究——以衡阳市珠晖区酃湖乡4个样本村为例

在湖南省衡阳市酃湖乡4个村268家农户的访谈和问卷调查的基础上,通过主导因子分析法,总结了城乡边缘区农户就业空间行为的模式,即传统农业模式、城郊农业就业模式、省域就业模式、市域就业模式、本村置业模式和本市置业模式等6种就业空间行为模式,并从城市化、农业生产效率和城乡二元结构等3个方面总结了各种模式的形成机制。     

城中村流动人口日常活动时空间结构——基于北京若干典型城中村的调查

在对北京5个城中村进行24 h活动日志实证调查的基础上,发现城中村流动人口在工作日和休息日的时间利用分别可以划分为6类,每一类的时间利用特征都与社会环境及该类人群的属性特征密切相关,其中工作、娱乐、家务等活动起主导作用。就城中村流动人口而言,不同类别人群工作日和休息日活动的时空间结构与其时间利用特征紧密联系,同样也受到社会环境的制约。生活活动路径展示出居民的日常活动正越来越表现出个性化、多样化和差异性的特征,是多种因素共同作用的结果。宏观环境、生活空间以及自身特征3个层次的影响因素综合作用于居民的个体行为,导致城中村流动人口活动时空间结构展现出独特的特征。基于微观个体的日常活动研究可以为掌握城市人群生活空间结构、制定城市规划等提供重要参考。     

基于旅游系统理论的中国乡村旅游发展模式探讨

基于旅游系统理论分析中国乡村旅游发展模式,能更全面的识别我国乡村旅游发展的驱动要素及其相互作用机理。在概述旅游系统理论、乡村旅游系统及其驱动因素的基础上,归纳了我国乡村旅游的发展模式类型与特点,即需求拉动型模式、供给推动型模式、中介影响型模式、支持作用型模式以及混合驱动型模式,并且选取北京昌平康陵村、山西皇城村、安徽黟县西递村、西藏林芝扎西岗村等典型案例,对乡村旅游系统及驱动机制、利益主体等方面进行了研究,为我国乡村旅游资源的开发、乡村旅游政策制定提供支持与借鉴。     

Prospects of multifunctional agriculture as a facilitator of sustainable rural development: Swedish experience of Pillar 2 of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

Agriculture remains one of the dominant activities in rural areas across the European Union (EU), not least in respect of land use and its impact on landscapes. The Agenda 2000 reform of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) introduced rural development as an integrated part of agricultural policy. The present study focuses on the second pillar of CAP. Multifunctional farming, more than any other rural activity, has a role to play in integrating the natural environment with the cultural landscape and socio-economic development. The question of how multifunctional agriculture can facilitate sustainable rural development is addressed in terms of mechanisms and inherent possibilities. Results from a case study in Östergötland in Sweden are discussed in relation to five other European case studies. Some main findings are that Pillar 2 has made it possible for rural inhabitants to continue living in rural areas and that the policies are effective in identifying and supporting new opportunities for farm diversification. The traditional agricultural landscape can be seen as a key component in various diversification activities in rural areas, contributing to economic as well as social and environmental sustainability.