Market intermediaries and rural people in Bolivia's forest products sector: Are trusting partnerships possible?

Decentralization in access to and control of Bolivia's forest resources, coupled with a rising global demand for tropical hardwoods, raises important questions about whether increased trade and community forest management (CFM) initiatives can enable forms of market integration that have more favourable outcomes for rural communities. This paper assesses the prospects for such a transition through an examination of the relationships linking wood product market intermediaries (brokers and buyers) to rural suppliers and forest communities in Bolivia. The analysis centres on whether trust – conceptualized as a power‐laden sociospatial process driven by multiscalar factors – can evolve between buyers and suppliers such that more progressive (sustainable and mutually beneficial) partnerships devolop. Focusing on three types of buyer–supplier relationships in Bolivia – direct ties between wood brokers/buyers and suppliers, nongovernmental organization (NGO) mediated exchange relationships and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification of suppliers – our findings show how trust building initiatives that focus on one scale may fail if factors at other scales create obstacles to collaboration, Given these relational constraints, CFM strategies in Bolivia currently face limitation on their viability as economic development strategies.     

重庆市乡村义务教育资源可得性差异及影响因素

以国家统筹城乡教育发展试验区的重庆市乡村地区为例,采用Densi-Graph城乡识别法进行行政区划内部格网尺度的精准识别,在此基础上探究义务教育资源可得性水平的空间差异及影响因素。结果表明：1)基于Densi-Graph城乡识别法的重庆市城乡差异显著,乡村区域面积达79 752 km²,占区域总面积的96.82%。城市部分面积为2 616 km²,占区域总面积的3.18%。2)重庆市义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著的空间集聚与关联特征,并呈现由中心城区向外递减的格局。3)政府重视程度、社会经济发展水平、交通设施水平、自然地理环境均与义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著相关性。4)交通站点密度与教育投入是影响义务教育资源可得性水平的主导因子,二者与各项因子的交互叠加作用增强效果显著;影响机制上,地形起伏度与坡度是乡村义务教育资源可得性水平的限制条件,社会经济是基础,交通是关键,教育投入是核心。     

平原农区典型县域土地非农化对乡村系统的影响

科学揭示土地非农化与乡村发展之间的作用机理是促进城乡一体化健康发展的必然需求.本文选取了平原农区典型县域山东省禹城市和桓台县作为研究区,通过分析不同发展阶段县域土地非农化与乡村系统演化特征,剖析了县域土地非农化对乡村系统的影响.结果表明:随着县域经济由低级向高级阶段演进,土地非农化的规模与比重呈现增长态势,乡村系统整体处于正向演化态势,禹城市和桓台县E指数分别由0.295和0.197增至0.798与0.700.土地非农化对乡村系统的影响是一个由弱变强的过程,土地非农化比重的增加会带来乡村一些要素的剧烈变化,其中,乡村经济子系统与社会子系统对土地非农化过程的敏感性较强.构建乡村人口转移与农地规模经营的保障机制,规范土地利用规划与管理,增强县域辐射能力,是平原农区土地非农化与乡村转型发展的调控重点.     

Targeting seasonal climate forecasts for integration into household level decisions: the case of smallholder farmers in Lesotho

Seasonal climate forecasts have been promoted as a means to increase the resilience of marginal groups in Africa. The manifestations of this are still to be seen. This paper argues that successful dissemination and adoption of the forecast requires an in-depth profile of the characteristics and needs of user groups. The case study of a mountainous village in southern Lesotho is used to highlight the decisions which one group of marginal users – smallholder farmers – might make in response to the forecast. A participatory role-play exercise explores what information households presently receive and how new climate forecast information could be integrated into seasonal decision making. Results show that there are a number of low-input options available to these farmers for responding to the forecast. Adoption, however, is going to require repeated exposure to the forecast in conjunction with forecast development that is suited to users' needs. The case study is linked back to the larger scale by suggesting paths that seasonal climate forecast development could take if it is to contribute to improving livelihood sustainability among marginal groups.     

山岳型景区建设下乡村聚落的多维重构——基于云丘山旅游景区微观案例的实证研究

随着乡村旅游的快速发展,传统乡村发生了巨大变化,尤其在山区地区,受自然环境、资源条件的影响,其乡村聚落的重构更具有独特性和典型性。采取深度访谈、全样本问卷调查、遥感影像解译与GIS分析等方法,以云丘山旅游景区中的两个自然村落为例,从微观尺度研究乡村聚落的多维重构过程,研究发现,在景区建设推动下,云丘山景区内两个村的“空间—经济—社会”三个维度均发生了重构：空间层次上,土地利用状况和三生空间的规模均发生变化,生产、生活空间减少,生态空间增加,空间格局上从“生活—生产—生态”的环状模式转变为生活、生产空间在生态空间中镶嵌的模式;经济层次上,村民的收入提升,生计模式发生改变,对旅游业的产业依赖度升高,传统生产模式改变;社会层次上,人口回流,劳动力显著增加,社会阶层的空间差异被打破,乡村组织方式逐渐向旅游生产方式上转变。乡村的“空间—经济—社会”多维重构之间存在相互影响关系,在景区旅游发展的推动下形成新的乡村地域系统。     

云南省食用菌产业物流网络研究

构建合理高效的农产品物流网络,是实现农产品流通与增值并促进区域农业发展的重要基础。为构建云南省食用菌物流网络,分析了2004—2015年食用菌产业数据,揭示了食用菌产业的分散化、边缘化、不均衡的空间分布特征。从资源状况、社会经济、交通区位3个方面提出了物流节点等级的评价指标体系。依据货运联系强度模型确定轴心城市辐射范围,构建了以昆明市、曲靖市、楚雄州为中心城市圈,辐射带动滇东北、滇南的滇中食用菌物流圈和以大理州为物流核心、辐射带动滇西北地区的滇西食用菌物流圈。并以此形成云南省食用菌轴辐式物流网络。     

农村建设用地低效利用的影响因素分析——以广州市天河区和白云区为例

在调查问卷与实地访谈基础上,利用有序Probit模型探究广州市天河区及白云区农村建设用地低效利用的影响因素。结果表明:位置、产权、产业、历史、基础设施、审批、经营、管理、利益分配及经济形势等因素构成经济快速发展地区城乡结合部农村低效建设用地形成机制的因素群组,位置、产业、产权、历史、基础设施及审批等因素是影响农村低效建设用地形成最为强烈的关键因素。通过建设城乡统一的土地市场,加快集体土地确权登记颁证,制定农村低效建设用地认定标准与程序,积极稳妥解决历史遗留问题,加强二次开发利用的监管及简化审批流程。     

新农村建设村级土地利用规划研究进展

新农村建设促进了村级土地利用规划的开展。该文分析了村级土地利用规划的内涵,论述了国内村级土地利用规划的研究现状,指出目前村级土地利用规划编制存在缺乏理论研究、规划内容不统一、规划基础资料不足及缺少规划实施后评价等问题。小尺度研究将成为土地利用规划研究的总体趋势,未来应加大试点村的规划编制,深化村级土地利用规划的空间布局优化,推进村级土地利用规划理论体系和实践方法的完善和成熟,促成国家制定统一的规划规程。     

农村宅基地整治潜力和整治成本测算方法——以河南省濮阳市为例

为量化农村宅基地整治潜力价值和整治开发成本,促进农村宅基地有偿退出工作的开展,探索农村宅基地整治潜力测算方法体系,运用人均标准法、户均标准法、闲置率法、层次分析法(AHP)及土地估价中的年收益法、综合基准地价法、土地出让溢价法构建测算模型,测算农村宅基地整治潜力、潜力价值和整治成本。研究表明:农村宅基地综合整治价值与整治成本基本持平,测算模型程序科学,方法简便易于操作,对河南省濮阳市的案例研究结果客观实际,可从定量的角度为农村宅基地整治、有偿退出和新型城镇化建设提供测算方法和数据参考。     

The functional evolution and system equilibrium of urban and rural territories

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The coordinated development of urban and rural territorial systems has long been a scientific issue of concern in geography and socioeconomic development in...