西南丘陵山地区农村居民点土地整理模式——以重庆渝北区为例

通过对样本区域农村居民点布局及土地利用特点的研究 ,从丘陵山地区的自然环境条件和社会经济发展水平的实际出发 ,提出两种土地整理模式 :一是农林综合开发整理模式 ,即居民点闲置土地的复垦利用与抛荒地利用结合 ,与山地区退耕还林等生态建设工程结合 ,进行退宅还林 ;二是新村建设整理模式 ,即由政府对新村统一规划 ,供给道路等基础设施 ,引导农民集中建房的“政府引导型”农村居民点整理模式 ,并对重庆市渝北区新春村的新村建设的运作和效益进行了实证分析。     

基于GIS和BP神经网络的区域农村贫困空间模拟分析——一种区域贫困程度测度新方法

基于区域农村贫困程度测定方式不完善及缺乏地理视角的现状,选取四川省36个国家级扶贫县为实证对象,构建自然社会经济全面耦合的农村贫困测度指标体系,分析区域农村贫困的影响机制,并运用GIS与BP神经网络模拟区域自然致贫指数、社会致贫指数和经济消贫指数的空间分布格局。在此基础上,提出了全面表征区域农村贫困程度的区域扶贫压力指数——一种新的区域农村贫困测度方法,为国家扶贫政策文件《财政扶贫资金管理办法》中关于财政扶贫资金基于区域农村贫困程度分配提供实践基础。     

Targeting seasonal climate forecasts for integration into household level decisions: the case of smallholder farmers in Lesotho

Seasonal climate forecasts have been promoted as a means to increase the resilience of marginal groups in Africa. The manifestations of this are still to be seen. This paper argues that successful dissemination and adoption of the forecast requires an in-depth profile of the characteristics and needs of user groups. The case study of a mountainous village in southern Lesotho is used to highlight the decisions which one group of marginal users – smallholder farmers – might make in response to the forecast. A participatory role-play exercise explores what information households presently receive and how new climate forecast information could be integrated into seasonal decision making. Results show that there are a number of low-input options available to these farmers for responding to the forecast. Adoption, however, is going to require repeated exposure to the forecast in conjunction with forecast development that is suited to users' needs. The case study is linked back to the larger scale by suggesting paths that seasonal climate forecast development could take if it is to contribute to improving livelihood sustainability among marginal groups.     

中美县级土地整治政策对比研究

通过对比分析美国洛杉矶县住房供应规划中空闲地和低效利用地整治与我国县级城乡建设用地增减挂钩规划中农村空闲地和低效利用地整治在目的、空闲地和低效利用地确定、公共参与、与总体规划关系方面的差异,分析了我国目前县级城乡建设用地增减挂钩规划存在的不足,并进行了讨论。     

Geography and Rural Household Income： A Village Level Study in Henan Province, China

This study uses the data from a sample survey conducted in April 2007 on 1 251 rural households in 11 villages of Henan Province, the largest less developed agricultural province in China, to examine how geography affects rural household income (RHI). The quantitative analysis indicates following results. 1) The significance of the traditional geographical factors reduces as RHI rank increases. 2) The landform does not affect the RHI significantly. The per capita income of rural household in a plain area is lower than that in a mountainous area. And 3) the capital endowment and status of non-farm economic activities contribute to the increase of RHI. But the probability and intensity of non-farm economic activities of rural households in urban outskirts villages are higher than that in non-urban outskirts villages. Based on the results, the paper further concludes that geography still plays a significant role in rural development, but it is changing over time. The agricultural resources (such as per capita arable land) significantly affect RHI with the relatively lower income level, while the geographical location shows a more significant impact on RHI with the relatively high income level. Along with economic development, the proximity replaces the traditional geographical factors such as landform and physical resources as the major determining factor in RHI.     

乡村景观遗产地保护性旅游开发模式研究——以浙江龙门古镇为例

近年来,伴随旅游市场生态、文化诉求的日益增强,世界范围内乡村景观遗产旅游备受青睐。中国广袤的地理环境空间中拥有丰富多彩的乡村景观遗产资源,正在成为推动现阶段特色化乡村旅游业发展的重要力量。然而,快速发展的旅游产业也引发了遗产地过度商业化、超负荷接待等问题,威胁到遗产保护和可持续利用。以浙江龙门古镇为例,在借鉴传统开发模式相关经验的基础上,构建了一种保护性旅游开发模式,以实现保护前提下乡村景观遗产资源的合理开发和有效利用。     

多维度视角下新疆农村经济可持续发展

科技进步与水土资源是促进经济可持续发展的有力杠杆及资源保证,劳动力是农村经济发展的重要主体。运用生态足迹理论计算了1990-2015年的新疆农村生态人口承载力,该指标代表了农村经济可持续发展水平,并建立与农业全要素生产率、科技投入占总投入比率、水资源灌溉利用率、耕地复耕指数、新疆劳动力转移、劳动力转移性收入的VAR模型。研究结果表明：新疆农村人均资源占有量不断地增大,可承载生态人口数量逐年下降;科技投入目前对于新疆农村经济可持续发展的影响并不明显,短期看来,农业全要素生产率对于其发展有抑制作用,但长期看来有巨大的促进作用;在短期,水资源灌溉利用率有抑制作用,但在长期,有拉动作用;耕地复耕指数长期有抑制作用;短期来说,劳动力转移和劳动力转移性收入对于其发展有促进作用,长期有抑制作用。     

吉林省村域尺度下居民点空间分布特征及优化重组模式

乡村聚落的空间优化与重构是提高土地资源利用效率,改善农村生产生活条件,促进乡村可持续发展的重要手段。以吉林省为例,采用核密度估计方法和景观形状指数分析了农村居民点空间分布特征,基于农户调查数据估算了吉林省不同区域的农村宅基地闲置情况,将农村居民点长期存在的“破碎化”和日益突出的“空心化”相结合,提出了在行政村尺度下农村居民点优化重组的“整小填大”新模式。结果表明：① 吉林省农村居民点规模小且零散分布,尤其中部呈破碎化分布,形态不规则,具有较大的整治潜力;② 吉林省农村宅基地平均闲置率为18.32%,西部地区最高（24.48%）,分别高于东部和中部地区约6%和12%;③“整小填大”模式可使农村居民点数量减少44.6%,增加有效耕地面积1 046.66 km²。     

日本农村工业与泉州乡镇企业比较研究

日本的农村工业和泉州的乡镇工业都具有规模小，个私经济为主，布局分散等特点，具有可比性，但彼此在发展模式、成长机制等方面存在明显的差异，日本的3种发展模式和泉州的5种发展模式各有千秋、但日本成长机制却明显优于泉州，为此，本文通过对比研究，对泉州乡镇企业的发展提出了6条建议。     

浅谈全国第二次土地调查项目的几个关键环节

介绍了全国第二次土地调查项目中调绘底图生产、土地调查、田坎系数测定、农村宅基地调查等关键环节,结合实际生产,分析了各环节的重要性及实施情况。