地理信息系统技术在区域城镇发展用地评价中的应用——以海南省为例

区域城镇发展用地评价是区域经济开发的先行步骤。作者利用地理信息系统的技术,建立地形评价模型、基础设施辐射范围扩散模型、分区多幅图覆盖分析模型等一整套模型,使评价工作较以往更为科学、系统,且省时省力。本文研究了海南省城镇发展用地条件。     

VSP上下行反射波联合成像方法研究

VSP资料上下行波场发育丰富.本文在分析VSP直达波、上行反射波、下行反射波传播路径及其照明范围的基础上,指出了常规VSP波动方程偏移方法缺陷,进而通过修改波场延拓方式,提出了上下行反射波联合成像方法,并在高频近似下分析了该方法的成像原理.该方法不需要进行VSP上下行反射波场分离,能够同时对VSP资料中的一次反射波、自由表面多次波、层间多次波进行成像,比常规成像剖面具有更宽的成像范围和更好的成像效果.该方法能够对下行一次反射波进行成像,从而可以实现常规偏移方法难以处理的高陡倾角构造成像.模拟资料和实际资料处理证明了本文方法的正确性.     

Analysis of the positive ionospheric response to a moderate geomagnetic storm using a global numerical model

Current theories of F-layer storms are discussed using numerical simulations with the Upper Atmosphere Model, a global self-consistent, time dependent numerical model of the thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere-magnetosphere system including electrodynamical coupling effects. A case study of a moderate geomagnetic storm at low solar activity during the northern winter solstice exemplifies the complex storm phenomena. The study focuses on positive ionospheric storm effects in relation to thermospheric disturbances in general and thermospheric composition changes in particular. It investigates the dynamical effects of both neutral meridional winds and electric fields caused by the disturbance dynamo effect. The penetration of short-time electric fields of magnetospheric origin during storm intensification phases is shown for the first time in this model study. Comparisons of the calculated thermospheric composition changes with satellite observations of AE-C and ESRO-4 during storm time show a good agreement. The empirical MSISE90 model, however, is less consistent with the simulations. It does not show the equatorward propagation of the disturbances and predicts that they have a gentler latitudinal gradient. Both theoretical and experimental data reveal that although the ratio of [O]/[N₂] at high latitudes decreases significantly during the magnetic storm compared with the quiet time level, at mid to low latitudes it does not increase (at fixed altitudes) above the quiet reference level. Meanwhile, the ionospheric storm is positive there. We conclude that the positive phase of the ionospheric storm is mainly due to uplifting of ionospheric F2-region plasma at mid latitudes and its equatorward movement at low latitudes along geomagnetic field lines caused by large-scale neutral wind circulation and the passage of travelling atmospheric disturbances (TADs). The calculated zonal electric field disturbances also help to create the positive ionospheric disturbances both at middle and low latitudes. Minor contributions arise from the general density enhancement of all constituents during geomagnetic storms, which favours ion production processes above ion losses at fixed height under day-light conditions.     

Comparisons between the reproductive biology of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Teleostei: Sparidae) in four estuaries with widely differing characteristics

The reproductive biology of Acanthopagrus butcheri has been studied in the permanently open Swan River and intermittently open Moore River estuaries on the lower west coast of Australia (31--32 °S) and in the permanently open Nornalup Walpole and normally closed Wellstead estuaries on the southern coast of Western Australia (34--35 °S). Trends exhibited by gonadosomatic indices, gonadal maturity stages and the sizes and developmental stages of the oocytes demonstrate that A. butcher typically spawns in spring and early summer. However, spawning occurred in salinities ranging from as low as 3.5-8 g L^–1 in the Moore River Estuary to as high as 41-45 g L^–1 in the Wellstead Estuary. Furthermore, water temperatures during spawning were greater in the two northern estuaries (19.7--28.5 °C) than in the two southern and cooler estuaries (17.5--23.4 °C). Histological studies strongly indicate that A. butcheri spawn more than once in a breeding season and demonstrate that the development of its oocytes exhibits group synchrony sensu de Vlaming (1983). The ages and total lengths at which, on average, female and male A. butcheri both first attain maturity in the Swan River Estuary were ca 2 years and ca 215 mm. However, the age at which individual fish in that system reach maturity was influenced by body size. This suggests that the attainment of first maturity at an older age but smaller length in the Moore River and Nornalup Walpole estuaries than is the case in the Swan River Estuary is a consequence of the slower growth rates of A. butcheri in those estuaries. The combination of the young age (ca 2 years) but small length (ca 145 mm) at which maturity is first attained in the Wellstead Estuary could have resulted from selection pressures brought about by high mortality rates and/or heavy fishing pressure in this estuary. The mean fecundity of A. butcheri, based on the combined number of yolk vesicle and yolk granule oocytes found in ovaries just prior to the onset of spawning, was 1580 × 10³. The significance of the sizes at first maturity, minimum legal length for capture, mesh selectivity data and closure of certain regions of estuaries to fishing for the management of the recreational and commercial fishery for A. butcheri is discussed.     

淮河流域水文随机方法的径流图化(英文)

Theoretical difficulties for mapping and for estimating river regime characteristics in a large-scale basin remain because of the nature of the variable under study: river flows are related to a specific area, i.e. the drainage basin, and are hierarchically organized in space through the river network with upstream-downstream dependencies. Another limitation is there are not enough gauge stations in developing countries. This presentation aims at de-veloping the hydro-stochastic approach for producing choropleth maps of average annual runoff and computing mean discharge along the main river network for a large-scale basin. The approach applied to mean annual runoff is based on geostatistical interpolation proce-dures coupled with water balance and data uncertainty analyses. It is proved by an applica-tion in the upstream at Bengbu in the Huaihe River Basin, a typical large-scale basin in China. Hydro-stochasitic approach in a first step interpolates to a regular grid net and in a second step the grid values are integrated along rivers. The interpolation scheme includes a con-straint to be able to account for the lateral water balance along the rivers. Grid runoff map with 10 km × 10 km resolution and the discharge map along the river with the 1 km basic length unit are the main results in this study. This kind of statistic approach can be widely used be-cause it avoids the complexity of hydrological models and does not depend on the meteoro-logical data.     

中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化及其影响因素

采用空间分析和空间杜宾模型等方法,研究1999—2017年中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布差异明显,其排放的基尼系数和污染物分布指数均呈现下降态势,空间集中程度有所缓和。②中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布呈东北-西南走向,其排放中心不断由东南向西北方向迁移。③中国工业烟粉尘排放存在空间相关性和空间溢出效应,其冷热点区空间分布发生显著变化。④能源消耗、第二产业比重、人口密度和经济发展水平的提升将会增加工业烟粉尘排放,而外资水平、治理技术水平和环境规制力度的提升则有利于减少工业烟粉尘排放。     

中国地理与资源期刊集群化服务平台的发展与实践

学术期刊的集群发展已经成为国际趋势,国外出版集团稳居科技期刊的霸主地位,中国科技期刊的集群化发展还处于起步阶段。自2006年起,中国地理与资源期刊及其期刊人经过10年持续不断的努力,积极应对国内外期刊发展的机遇与挑战,勇于创新,已经基本形成中国地理与资源期刊集群化服务平台发展的战略构想,并成功地推出了拥有54家加盟期刊并且模块功能完备的集群化服务平台网站（www.geores.com.cn）、统一的在线采编系统、底层数据的结构化、富媒体出版、手机APP与微信服务公众号、数据出版、科研云助手系统、媒体宣传与推广、中国地理与资源权威专家库、中国地理会议服务系统、中国地理编辑出版年会、不定期的专题性期刊沙龙、《中国地理与资源国情快报》政策版与科普版、“具影响力中国地理期刊优秀论文”等14项具有显示度的期刊多元增值产品,事业思路清晰,行动果敢有力,工作扎实有序,集群功能完备,投入产出比高,极大地推动了中国地理与资源期刊由传统纸质出版向富媒体出版、由文献生产者向学科与社会集成型知识服务提供平台的两大根本性转型,这使得中国地理与资源期刊更加掌握了主动,把握了先机,开启了中国地理与资源期刊集群发展的新局面和新时代。     

Local Modeling模式及其在月径流预测中的应用

Local Modeling方法是一种动力系统预测方法，将其应用于河西内陆区黑河干流出山口莺落峡水文站月平均流量的中长期预测预报，取得了较为理想的成果。预测试验的结果表明，该预测模型有较高计算精度，尤其适用于非主汛期各月的月平均流量的预测；对于主汛期6～9月的月平均流量的预测，在考虑前期来水与预见期内降水的影响后，亦可获到较为理想的预测结果。可以认为，该方法的预报精度达到了水文情报预报规范的要求，Local Modeling方法的应用，将为西北干旱地区河川径流的中长期预报提供了一个新的途径。     

人类活动对塔里木河年径流影响量的估算

塔里木河流域与环境的研究，一直是近年来新疆环境演化和可持续发展研究的热点问题。大规模的区域开发活动对该流域生态环境产生了根本性的影响，区域整体生态环境趋于恶化。本文通过对年径流量累积曲线和年径流量的相关分析，估算出人类活动对塔里木河各河段的年径流量变化及其对生态环境造成的影响。     

半干旱区城镇周边防沙——以内蒙古乌审旗达布察克镇为例

中国半干旱区城镇众多,风沙灾害频发,开展城镇风沙灾害防治研究势在必行。以毛乌素沙地的乌审旗达布察克镇为例,对其周边沙尘源地和植被进行实地调查;在此基础上,结合单项植物、机械沙障防风原理的风洞模拟结果,提出各种沙尘源地亚类防沙治沙措施的合理配置。根据建立半干旱区城镇防沙工程体系的原则以及城镇周边不同下垫面的防沙治沙措施配置,达布察克镇防沙治沙模式可以概括为城镇周边的“三圈模式”。第一圈是以达布察克镇为核心的绿化景观带,这一圈层大致位于达布察克镇以外600~900 m宽度范围内。第二圈层为沙丘（地）封禁与农牧业生产区,包括两个次级圈层：设施农业次级圈层的宽度约为1 km;远郊沙丘（地）封禁与农牧户独立生产次级圈层的范围较大,这一次级圈层的显著特点是大面积用于生态环境建设和保护,小面积用于农牧业生产。第三圈层是沙丘（地）封禁保护圈。该圈层位于乌审旗的西北位置,圈层内主要包括流动、半流动沙丘链以及平坦流沙地,是达布察克镇上风向主要的沙尘源地,应按照防沙治沙原理对其进行封禁与保护。