粉质土海底边界层动态演化过程波浪水槽实验

The objectives of this study are carried out a series of controlled large wave flume experiments using fine-grained sediment from the Huanghe River Delta, exploring the complete sequence of sediment behavior in the bottom boundary layer(BBL) during wave-induced liquefaction. The results show that:(1) The BBL in silty seabed is exposed to a progressive wave, goes through a number of different stages including compaction before liquefaction, sediment liquefaction, and compaction after liquefaction, which determines the range and thickness of BBL.(2) With the introduction of waves, first, the sediment surface has settled by an amount S(S=1–2 cm) in the course of wave loadings with an insufficient accumulation of pore water pressure. And a thin high concentration layer formed the near-bed bottom.(3) Once the liquefaction sets in, the liquefied sediment with an ‘orbital motion' and the sub-liquefied sediment form a two-layer-sediment region. The range of BBL extends downwards and stopped at a certain depth, subsequently, develops upwards with the compaction process. Meanwhile, resuspended sediments diffuse to the upper water column.(4) During the dynamics process of the BBL beneath progressive waves, the re-suspended sediment increment ranked as sediment liquefaction erosion before liquefaction compaction after liquefaction.     

相山铀矿田地貌形体DEM模型应用分析

数字高程模型(DEM)是对地球表面地形地貌的数字表达、模拟,DEM在地质学中得以广泛的应用。相山DEM由1∶5万地形图数字化而成,基于DEM的面积-高程曲线的计算,表明相山地区地表总体侵蚀严重,但由于组成地表物质的岩性差异和地质构造活动强度不同,侵蚀程度不均匀。铀矿床矿点多出现在高程变异系数不是太小也不是太大的区域,即铀矿床矿点的分布与地表侵蚀程度有关。     

制造业活动地理转移视角下的中国产业集群问题

在简要回顾产业集群理论的基础上,在制造业活动地理转移的视角下,结合案例重新审视了我国劳动密集型产业集群的形成及发展.作者认为,一些锁定在低成本竞争的集群正在或已经老化,甚至衰亡.另一些集群中的企业有过度集聚的问题,还有一些中小企业集聚的区域根据产业特征需要增加产业集中度.因为集群的这些问题,随成本上升,出现了集群中企业的加工制造环节外移的现象.这种现象挑战了新产业区理论中集群是"在流动的全球空间中的粘结的区位"的观点.根据集群中企业外移现象,就产业承接地的规划和发展,以及转出地那些正在升级的集群的地理稳定性和生产者服务业的发展问题,提出了几点看法.     

Facies character and geochemical signature in the late Quaternary meteoric diagenetic carbonate succession at the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

The late Quaternary shallow-water carbonates have been altered by a variety of diagenetic processes, and further influenced by high-amplitude global and regional sea level changes. This study utilizes a new borehole drilled on the Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands to investigate meteoric diagenetic alteration in the late Quaternary shallowwater carbonates. Petrographic, mineralogical, stable isotopic and elemental data provide new insights into the meteoric diagenetic processes of the reef limestone. The results show the variation in the distribution of aragonite,high-Mg calcite(HMC) and low-Mg calcite(LMC) divides the shallow-water carbonates in Core SSZK1 into three intervals, which are Unit I(31.20–55.92 m, LMC), Unit II(18.39–31.20 m, aragonite and LMC) and Unit III(upper 18.39 m of core, aragonite, LMC and HMC). Various degrees of meteoric diagenesis exist in the identified three units. The lowermost Unit I has suffered almost complete freshwater diagenesis, whereas the overlying Units II and III have undergone incompletely meteoric diagenesis. The amount of time that limestone has been in the freshwater diagenetic environment has the largest impact on the degree of meteoric diagenesis. Approximately four intact facies/water depth cycles are recognized. The cumulative depletion of elements such as strontium(Sr),sodium(Na) and sulphur(S) caused by duplicated meteoric diagenesis in the older reef sequences are distinguished from the younger reef sequences. This study provides a new record of meteoric diagenesis, which is well reflected by whole-rock mineralogy and geochemistry.     

不同采出程度下石油组分变化特征

利用GHM烃分析仪对水驱模拟实验过程中不同阶段的采出原油进行分析,研究其原油组成的变化规律,探索原油组成与采出程度之间的内在关系。实验表明 :原油的采出程度与采出流体PV数之间具有良好的对应关系;随着采出程度逐渐提高,原油中正构烷烃的碳数范围及主峰碳数逐渐后移,原油的轻 /重比值呈现降低趋势。实验还证明,某些在空间上呈圆柱型、具有规则支链的分子比相近碳数的直链分子更容易被驱出。该项研究对于从微观角度深入探索驱油机理、提高原油采收率具有实际意义。     

京郊门城镇地面塌陷危险性研究

采空地面塌陷是门城镇地区危害性最严重的地质灾害类型。根椐实地勘察资料 ,论述了地面塌陷的分布特征和形成条件 ;选取与塌陷密切相关的 1 1个因素 ,采用二级模糊综合评判法对地面塌陷的危险度进行了分区预测。     

粘土矿物成因及对砂岩储集性能的影响

粘土矿物是影响砂岩储集性能的重要因素。结合实例讨论了粘土矿物成因、绝对含量、成分、产状及晶体形态等与砂岩储集性能的关系。研究表明,粘土矿物对砂岩储集性能的影响程度与砂岩本身的成熟度有关。当砂岩成熟度高时,随粘土矿物绝对含量的增加,其储集性能降低,尤其是渗透率降低;但高成熟度砂岩随高岭石和充填状粘土矿物含量增高,物性相对变好。当砂岩的结构和成分成熟度比较低时,粘土矿物对其储集物性影响较小,而主要与岩石本身的成分和结构有关。研究还表明,不同形态的伊利石对砂岩的物性影响也不同,片状伊利石有利于改善储层物性,而纤维状和发丝状伊利石增多会使砂岩储集物性降低或变为非储层。     

黄河壶口瀑布变迁考证和相应径流关系的初步分析

通过黄河壶口瀑布河段实地考察和测算,得出了瀑布近4000年来不同时期的溯源侵蚀速度.以现代实测水量与瀑布形成的石槽宽度之比为基础,推算出黄河壶口4200年径流系列,提出了黄河壶口以上流域的古水量变化过程,其丰、枯、峰、谷,与古气候的暖冷湿干,及中国西部第四纪冰川进退沿黄河两岸古土壤的形成与中断等千年尺度综合的分析对照.这个水量过程的确立与深入研究,将促进水科学理论与方法的发展.     

二苯硫脲－甲基异丁酮泡塑富集液珠萃取比色法测定化探样品中的金银

在１０％ＨＣＩ介质中,采用二苯硫脲（ＤＰＴＵ）－甲基异丁酮（ＭＩＢＫ）泡沫塑料富集,以金试剂液珠萃取比色法测定了化探样品中的Ａｕ和Ａｇ。方法的检出限：Ａｕ０．５×１０￣－９;Ａｓ５×１０￣－９（１０ｇ称样）。利用此方法制备了“野外快速分析箱”,可在野外简陋条件下进行现场测定。     

深部气层和干层测井模糊综合评判

深部气层和干层的区分是常规测井解释的难题。认识始于实践。本文依据东濮凹陷深层试采资料,建立了两个模式各四个参数的隶属度曲线,进行气层和干层模糊综合评判研究,并用该地区深层试井资料作了检验,效果颇佳。证明模糊综合评判是区分深部气层和干层的一种行之有效的方法。