近30 a龙羊峡水库周边地区沙漠化遥感监测

 在RS和GIS支持下,选取4期遥感数据,采用室内解译和野外检验修正的方法,获得龙羊峡水库周边地区不同时期土地沙漠化数据库。结果显示,在过去30 a中,龙羊峡水库周边地区土地的沙漠化在时间上经历了一般发展到正在逆转两个阶段; 2000年以后,极重度沙漠化土地和重度沙漠化土地变化最为明显,均呈现逆转趋势,其中极重度沙漠化逆转为其他类型的总面积为145.90 km2,重度沙漠化土地逆转为中度沙漠化面积为146.44 km2; 在沙漠化土地的空间分布上,过去30 a里,沙漠化土地主要集中分布在龙羊峡两岸的塔拉滩和木格滩地区; 研究区内沙漠化的逆转主要是由重度和极重度沙漠化土地转变为中度和轻度沙漠化土地。1975—1989年,研究区的降水呈增加趋势,但是由于这一时期人为因素的影响,沙漠化呈不断加剧的态势; 1989—2000年,研究区的气候趋向于暖干化,加上过度放牧等人为因素,重度和极重度沙漠化土地持续发展; 2000年以后,研究区的气候趋向于暖湿化,政府实施了一系列生态环境保护、恢复计划,沙化土地呈现逆转的态势。     

论苗族传统知识在贵州麻山石漠化灾变救治中的价值

20世纪中期以来,麻山喀斯特山区随着周边社会环境的巨变,这些巨变冲击了麻山地区生态系统的脆弱环节,使麻山地区石漠化灾变日趋扩大。国家从20世纪60年代开始虽经多方救治,成效甚微。我们在对苗族生计方式的田野调查后发现,生息在这里的苗族积累有高效利用与精心维护喀斯特生态系统的经验和技能,发掘和利用苗族传统的地方性知识和技能,在石漠化灾变救治中具有不可替代的特殊价值。     

基于MODIS数据的羌塘国家自然保护区荒漠化遥感反演与评价

基于MODIS数据采用因子分析法,选取MSAVI、NDVI、LST、TVDI四个指标反演羌塘国家自然保护区荒漠化动态变化过程,并进行分级评价.结果表明:①近十年间保护区荒漠化面积总体呈增加趋势,中度和极重度荒漠化面积呈减小趋势,轻度、重度荒漠化面积呈增加趋势;②若拉核心区、缓冲区东部无明显荒漠化现象,实验区与缓冲区西部荒漠化较为严重,美马错核心区、玛依核心区、缓冲区中部荒漠化程度较轻.     

Symposium On Sediment Storage In Rivers And Estuaries

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Early warning research on salt-alkalization desertification in western Songnen Plain

Desertification is an environmental issue in the world. The salt-alkalization desertification land area formed by both primary and secondary salt-alkalization has extended in a large scale, which has become a significant eco-environmental problem. Based on the characteristics of eco-environment and the situation of desertification in westem Songnen plain, this paper reports the analyzes of its formation in background and cause. An early waming system on the salt-alkalization desertification is established and the GIS technology is used to abstract the information of desertification evaluation index. Supported by the integrated technology of the GIS and ANN, the orientation and quantitative result of desertification are gained, which is helpful to the eco-environment protection and resource development in westem Songnen Plain.     

DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC MONITORING AND VISUALIZATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM OF KARST LAND ROCKY DESERTIFICATION

In order to study the spatial-temporal change and environmental management of regional karst LUCC (land use and land cover change) and its causative environmental effect-rocky dcsertification by integrating qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and relying on RS, GIS and GPS (3S) techniques, karst land rocky derification dynamic monitoring and visualization management information system (KLRD.DMVM.IS) is framed, which includes design aim and structure model, function design, database design and model system design. The model system design gives priority to dynamic monitoring, drive force diagnosis, comprehensive evaluation and decision support of karst rocky desertification. From the viewpoint of model type, mathematic expression and its meaning, the dynamic monitoring models are concretely devised to reflect the spatial and temporal changing features and the trend of karst LUCC and rocky desertification. Taking Du‘an Yao Autonomic County of Guangxi as an example, the KLRD.DMVM.1S is systematically analyzed in the application of the process and trend of karst LUCC and rocky desertiflcation in Du‘an County, and it provides the technical support for the study on karst land rocky desertification.     

大柳塔煤矿采煤塌陷对土地沙漠化进程的影响

陕西神木大柳塔县地区煤炭资源的开发不可避免会产生地面塌陷、地裂缝、地下水位下降等矿山环境地质问题,地面塌陷是否会加剧土地沙漠化成为研究的热点问题。调查表明20年间整个研究区和其中的主要矿区土地沙漠化呈现出重度沙漠化土地逐年减少、轻度及非沙漠化土地面积逐年增大的一致演化趋势,采煤塌陷区土地沙漠化没有出现加剧的现象。通过4处采煤塌陷区及2处煤矿未开采区土壤垂向剖面研究,地表植被类型及覆盖度、植被根系垂向分布、土壤粒度、含水率、地下水位之间等关系表明,采煤塌陷对土地沙漠化进程没有明显的影响。年均415mm的降雨量基本满足采煤塌陷区沙生植被正常生长所需水份,其结论为该地区大规模煤炭资源开发土地沙漠化防治提供了科学依据。     

沙化土地遥感监测方法研究及应用

严重的土地荒漠化、沙化威胁着朝阳市生态安全和经济社会的可持续发展,当地要采取有效的沙化治理措施,需要加强沙化监测,为沙漠化防治和决策提供科学依据。本文研究了基于卫星影像及地理国情普查数据监测朝阳市沙化土地的分级和分布情况,为辽西北地区土地沙化的防治提供数据和技术支持。     

3S技术在吉林省西部土地沙漠化趋势分析中的应用——以通榆县为例

通过采用3S技术提取通榆县地区2002年与2013年两个时期影像不同程度沙漠化的土地数据,分析沙漠化动态变化的趋势,结合通榆县近十几年的气象数据、经济社会资料,运用数理统计的方法,定量分析影响通榆县沙漠化的气候驱动因素和人文因素。综合以上因素,得出近年来通榆县沙漠化朝着逆转的方向发展。     

基于MODIS时序数据的贵州气候指标与EVI相关性研究

文章利用2008至2011年中分辨率成像光谱辐射计(MODIS)250 m空间分辨率的增强型植被指数(EVI)作为检测植被覆盖程度的指标参数,分析了岩溶石漠化地区与非石漠化地区植被对于气候因子的响应。结果表明:(1)无论是石漠化地区还是非石漠化地区,EVI在干旱时期和非干旱时期,与气候因子——气温(T)的相关系数rEVI-T均大于0.5(rF=0.235,α=0.05),二者表现为显著相关;(2)在非石漠化地区,EVI在干旱时期和非干旱时期与气候因子——降水量(P)的相关系数rEVI-P为0.234、0.212,两者表现出不显著相关,但在石漠化地区则表现为相反的情况;(3)在干旱发生之后的一年时间,EVI在石漠化和非石漠化地区都与降水量有显著相关性,其相关系数rEVI-P分别为0.516和0.489。