Network-scape metric analysis: a new approach for the pattern analysis of urban road networks

The spatial patterns of road networks reflect the morphological and structural characteristics of cities. Previous studies have focused mainly on seeking universal laws in road networks rather than explaining their differences. A new approach for road network pattern analysis is proposed that has been inspired by landscape metric analysis. The utility of this approach is illustrated through (but is not limited to) the extraction of the main factors in network landscapes, or network-scapes for short. Twenty-four metrics were calculated for network-scapes of 100 cities worldwide, before an exploratory analysis is performed to detect the main factors. Four main factors were revealed and may be regarded as the characteristic indicators of road networks, which were identified to be evenness, richness-density, shape irregularity, and size and shape variation. The meanings of these factors are explained, and their spatial distributions are illustrated. Compared to existing road network analytics, these factors depict better the characteristic differences of road networks. The proposed approach provides a new framework for road network pattern analysis from a cellular perspective.     

Transportation Accessibility of Central Towns in Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Sites in Mountainous Areas and Its Impact on Local Economic Development: A Case Study of Honghe Hani Rice Terraced System,Yunnan

Transportation as a means to support industrial development can impact the economic development of important agricultural heritage sites. Because the central towns in mountainous areas have weak economic interactions with each other, an appropriate method is needed to evaluate their transportation accessibility. This paper takes the Honghe Hani Rice Terraced System (HHRTS) as a study area and develops a model to determine shortest time-distances from central towns in the study area to the nearest high-grade city as a way to evaluate transportation accessibility (TA). We then analyze the relationship between the accessibility of these towns and their economies. The study finds that the TA of the central towns in HHRTS is not good as a whole. More than 70% of the towns are more than 1 hour away from their nearest high-grade city. Of the four counties in the study area, Yuanyang County has the best traffic conditions, while Lvchun County has the worst traffic conditions. The central towns in the northern and middle regions have better TA than those in the west, southwest and east margin regions. The small-scale rural economy has little dependence on the transportation network, while secondary industries are obviously impacted by the transportation network. In the future, to support the integrated development of industries in HHRTS, traffic conditions in each town should be improved appropriately according to the industrial orientation of the town, but excessive investments to construct roads irrespective of eco-environmental impacts and economic benefits should be avoided. Especially in the case of ecologically vulnerable towns, the building high-grade roads should be banned.     

道路旅行中的背包客涂鸦：空间实践与新部落的形成

随着道路旅行的兴起,中国背包客将涂鸦活动的阵地转移至道路和停泊点等非城市空间。背包客的道路涂鸦与城市涂鸦、景区涂鸦都存在着较大差别,它所具有的时空特殊性为剖析旅游过程中通道与停泊点的意义、理解旅游者如何参与地方生成、探索处于移动中的人群如何构建共同体提供了生动案例。本研究以川藏公路为案例地,采用移动民族志与多点民族志相结合的方法,探索背包客涂鸦作为空间实践的意义。研究发现,涂鸦实践使得川藏公路及其沿线的节点成为背包客旅程甚至人生经历的见证者,原本功能性、政治性的空间被改写成私人的、情感的空间,涂鸦实践还参与构建了一个后现代的流动新部落。因此,涂鸦重塑了川藏公路的空间意义,在川藏公路独特旅行文化的形成中扮演了重要角色。     

城市公共交通覆盖度空间统计分析研究

为了合理分析城市公共交通发展现状并对其发展提供可参考的依据,本文利用地理信息系统空间分析和统计方法,在确立多个评价指标的基础上,对城市公共交通覆盖度情况进行不同角度、不同方面的评价。以沈阳市内部分区域为研究对象,提取研究区域基础地理数据,结合人口数据以及公共交通线网缓冲区,选取城市主次干道为边界划分分析单元,将人口密度与道路数据相结合,将评价体系与数据进行对比分析。根据评价指标,得到研究范围内城市公交资源的分布状况。实验结果表明,该方法能够较好地分析城市公共交通分布特征,为城市交通规划设计提供思路。     

基于交通可达性与城市竞争力的城市腹地范围识别——以长江中游城市群为例

通过构建相应指标体系,采取主成分分析法测度长江中游城市群城市竞争力。在GIS软件支持下,基于时间成本距离栅格的交通可达性分析,利用场强模型,对2015年长江中游城市群31个城市腹地范围进行识别。研究发现：长江中游城市群城市竞争力空间分布差异较大,最大值和最小值相差达5.84倍,与行政级别具有一定关联性。从交通可达性来看,1 h圈空间范围主要集中在中心城市附近,≥3 h圈主要分布在远离省会城市的外围地区,以及岳九咸（岳阳、九江和咸宁）省际交界区。长江中游城市群城市间交通发展缺乏统一规划与协调性,内部交通联系较为薄弱。从空间场强来看,高场强区集中于中心城市及其周边地区,低场强区分布于交通通达性较差的边缘与外围地区,尤其是省际边界地区。场强空间分布与城市竞争力与交通可达性分布具有较强的吻合度,但省际间协同发展程度低。城市腹地范围来看,湖北省大部分城市腹地面积较小,江西省城市腹地面积相对广阔,湖南城市腹地面积居中,三大省会城市腹地面积远超过其他城市,意味着长江中游城市群业已形成以省会城市为多中心的复合型极核发展格局,但内部一体化程度偏弱。从腹地与行政范围的层叠结果来看,城市腹地与市域行政范围吻合度较差,省会城市扩伸率要高于其余城市,而且三大省会城市的域外腹地面积比例远高于其他城市,九江、岳阳、宜昌、常德、新余、景德镇等地域外腹地面积比例也较高。总体来说,长江中游城市群仍停留在子圈内一体化的阶段,还未实现三圈融合和高度一体化发展阶段。     

OpenStreetMap路网数据的几何精度评价

针对目前关于OSM数据质量的研究现状,本文以美国地质勘查局数据为参考数据,根据OSM路网数据与参考数据的特点,完成OSM路网数据的转换及其与参考数据的匹配。同时依据匹配结果,给出OSM路网的距离、角度这两种几何精度的评价结果,并通过计算机编程,将最终的评价结果可视化,开发实现了众源数据质量评价原型系统。     

面向大规模道路网的最短路径近似算法

节点重要性对大规模道路网下最短路径的计算有着重要影响。本文提出了顾及节点重要性的最短路径估计方法,该方法基于Critic方法与复杂网络理论评价节点的重要性,结合限制策略实现网络划分,通过层次结构网络的构建,实现大规模道路网数据的有效化简和最短路径的快速有效计算。试验结果表明,该方法能够使中心节点均衡地分布于网络,更好地均衡划分后子网络的规模;随着限制参数的增大,网络规模逐渐降低,查询精度最高达到1.026,相比于单一指标和无限制参数的方法,本文方法显著降低了网络的规模,在最短路径的近似计算上保持了较高的准确性,为大规模复杂网络的近似分析提供分析思路。     

结合笔画宽度变换与均值漂移的遥感影像道路提取

针对在高分辨率遥感影像进行道路提取时,笔画宽度变换算法受周围地物的影响较大,无法直接获取高精度道路信息的问题,提出一种结合笔画宽度变换与均值漂移的道路提取方法:首先,利用均值漂移算法对遥感影像进行分割,以减少笔画宽度变换的错提取现象;其次,运用笔画宽度变换将不同类别的像素分为道路类和非道路类;最后,为进一步提高道路提取精度,减小斑点和非道路区域干扰,采用数学形态学方法进行提取后处理。实验结果表明:该方法可以从遥感影像中准确完整地提取出道路信息,且比直接使用笔画宽度变换算法和均值漂移算法的提取精度更高。     

进海路及人工端岛工程对滩海地貌变迁的影响及预测

根据实测资料,阐述了南堡滩海地貌的变迁,以东线进海路工程为例,研究了海岸线、砂坝、潮沟等地貌变迁,并进行了原因分析,对进海路及人工岛建成后海底地貌进行了定性的预测,提出了浅海滩涂油气开发建设宜采用栈桥式进海路设计。     

3维公路GIS的设计与实现

本文对于构建3维公路GIS的技术流程和实现方法进行了讨论,并着重从数据处理、3维虚拟数字模型建立等几个方面对3维公路GIS的集成作了介绍。