海上油田油轮外输系统优化分析

对海上油田油轮外输系统进行了分析 ,建立了系统优化的数学模型。选用模矢搜索法、单纯形算法和模拟退火算法三种优化方法进行了计算 ,得出在对某些非线性问题进行优化时 ,利用模拟退火算法和直接最优化方法 (如单纯形法 )相结合 ,既能保证得到全局最优解 ,又能减少计算时间。通过实例计算 ,得出油轮外输系统适用于离岸距离较远、产量较小的油田 ,其外输费用随离岸距离的增加变化非常小 ,但随油田产量的增加而增加较大     

Distribution and concentrations of anthropogenic platinum group elements in the surface environment of Hong Kong

Ecotourism environmental impact assessment is a traveling activity relevant influence prediction and appraisal. And the setting-up of the index system is very important to implement the appraisal of environmental impact of ecological travel. According to the index system, natural ecological environment, humane social environment, the environment of tourist resources and the atmosphere of capacity of tourist environment, four major systems form the first index. Each system formed the second index of several key elements. In addition, it is a key step to appraise the sureness of the factor weight, which influences the rationality of the result directly. Daily method of weighting has the Delphi＇s and the AHP. According to ＂Grade form of characteristic value of Standard of rating for quality of tourist attractions＂ which the National Tourism Administration issues, the paper takes the Jingshan mountains ecological tourist zone as an example and adopts AHP to weight the factors mainly, assisted with the Delphi＇s by the help of computer. The Jingshan ecological tourist zone is good. The result of calculation, comprehensive value of 8.35 after establishment, shows that it doesn＇t change dramatically, attributing to the index of natural ecological environment like atmosphere, quality of surface water, acoustics environment and vegetation coverage. Improvement of traffic states and sanitation caused by the project in the region increases the comprehensive value, while the water and soil loss in partial area caused by construction decrease.     

多比例尺电子地图中基于线性道路的POI抽稀

基于电子地图中POI表现出多尺度、数量大、分布特征多样等特点,针对POI沿道路线的分布特征,在考虑POI数据重要性权重的情况下,采用距离阈值抽稀POI,通过实例数据验证多比例尺条件下方案的可行性,达到POI数据实用性与简洁性的双重标准。     

Exploiting IKONOS and Hyperion data fusion for automated road extraction

We present here the examples that show how fusing data from hyperspectral sensors with data from high spatial resolution sensors can enhance overall road detection accuracy. The fusion of hyperspectral and high spatial resolution data combines their superior respective spectral and spatial information. IKONOS (MSS) and Hyperion images were fused using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. The approach for road extraction integrates multiresolution segmentation and object oriented classification. Road extraction is done from an IKONOS (MSS) image and a Hyperion and IKONOS (MSS) merged image and comparisons are made depending on accuracy and quality measures such as completeness and correctness. This article also emphasises the types of roads which are giving better accuracy of extraction after fusion with hyperspectral image. This can vary because of types of material and condition of roads. The methodology was applied on roads of Dehradun, India.     

旅游交通图制作的关键技术研究

2007年初新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉市被评为“中国优秀旅游城市”,然而直至2011年昌吉市都没有张自己的旅游交通地图,作为昌吉市的测绘工作者,完成这项任务迫在眉睫.本文对几个关键步骤研究如下,首先通过对高分辨率影像及基础地理数据的处理,接着利用Adobe公司几种强大的图形图像处理软件,以及3D MAX等渲染工具对地图进行合理排版、色调搭配、图幅整饰,最终完成了昌吉市区旅游交通图和昌吉辖区旅游分布图的设计和制作,并正式出版发行.该专题地图的制作为昌吉市地形地貌、人文文化的展示以及城市建设规划、服务设施和交通状况、环境保护及科学研究等多方面提供了参考依据,具有积极的理论和现实意义.     

A polygon-based approach for matching OpenStreetMap road networks with regional transit authority data

Matching road networks is an essential step for data enrichment and data quality assessment, among other processes. Conventionally, road networks from two datasets are matched using a line-based approach that checks for the similarity of properties of line segments. In this article, a polygon-based approach is proposed to match the OpenStreetMap road network with authority data. The algorithm first extracts urban blocks that are central elements of urban planning and are represented by polygons surrounded by their surrounding streets, and it then assigns road lines to edges of urban blocks by checking their topologies. In the matching process, polygons of urban blocks are matched in the first step by checking for overlapping areas. In the second step, edges of a matched urban block pair are further matched with each other. Road lines that are assigned to the same matched pair of urban block edges are then matched with each other. The computational cost is substantially reduced because the proposed approach matches polygons instead of road lines, and thus, the process of matching is accelerated. Experiments on Heidelberg and Shanghai datasets show that the proposed approach achieves good and robust matching results, with a precision higher than 96% and a F1-score better than 90%.     

世界能源保障基本形势探讨

国家能源保障主要由能源供应的稳定性和能源使用的安全性两个部分组成。论文从影响能源保障的资源基础、能源生产与消费、能源贸易与运输、能源消费对环境的破坏等方面分析了世界能源保障的基本形势,世界能源保障还主要停留在能源供应的稳定性层面上,对使用安全性尽管在思想已经认识到,但是在行动上还远不尽人意,世界能源保障应该从目前主要追求供应稳定性向追求供应稳定性和使用安全性的双重目标转变。由能源生产、消费、贸易与运输等组成的世界能源保障基本格局,随着中国、印度等发展中国家能源国际化的进一步推进,正受到巨大的冲击并不断进行重组。     

2011年长江中下游地区旱涝急转成因分析

利用NCEP和国家气候中心提供的再分析资料,对2011年发生在长江中下游地区的旱涝急转事件的成因进行了初步分析。结果表明:此次旱涝急转发生在特定的大尺度环流背景下,5月极涡偏强,而南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压均偏弱、偏南;6月极涡强度变弱、范围偏小,而南亚高压增强、西移,西太平洋副热带高压加强、西伸。季风活动异常是引发此次旱涝急转的重要因素,前期南海夏季风强度弱,且中间一度中断,6月初突然增强并北推至长江中下游地区。前期我国主要的3条水汽输送带均明显偏弱,6月初又明显加强,导致大量暖湿气流汇集于长江中下游地区并与南下的冷空气交汇,为旱涝急转的发生提供了良好的水汽条件。2010年7月开始至2011年4月结束的拉尼娜事件是此次旱涝急转事件可能的重要外强迫条件之一。     

川渝地区空中水资源分布及水汽输送特征

利用NCEP/NCAR全球1948~2003年共56年月平均再分析网格点(2.5°×2.5°)资料,计算并分析了川渝地区(100~110°E,25~35°N)空中水资源的逐年变化特征、时空分布、水汽输送特征、水汽收支状况以及大气可降水能力。结果表明:近56年来,川渝地区整层水汽含量总体是略呈下降趋势,但夏冬两季水汽呈上升态势;区域内水汽含量的水平分布表现为以四川盆地东南部至重庆涪陵为湿中心,自东南向西北逐渐减少的趋势;水汽输送以西南和东南方向为主;全年水汽收支呈现净输入的状态;秋、夏、春三季皆有较大的可降水量,空中潜在水资源丰富。     

道路勘测阶段控制测量方法的研究

道路勘测控制测量作为线路施工放样的依据,必须建立具备一定精度的控制网,测量仪器及施工方法对工程质量将会产生很大影响.结合张承高速公路二期工程所处测区概况,并结合现代测量工具,从而提出该路段控制测量的最佳施测方法;通过对实测数据进行处理及分析,验证该方法的可行性.