改进Dijkstra算法的城市道路最短路径仿真研究

本文在分析Dijkstra算法基础上,考虑城市路网的特点及该算法在路径优化中的不足,提出一种基于双向搜索的Dijkstra改进算法,它可以减少路网节点的搜索范围和计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,改进算法在最短路径搜索中可使候选节点数减少15％～25％,当节点越多这种减少越明显,可提高搜索路径的实时性.     

南京市道路网络近十年的分形特征变化

以分形理论为基础,结合2005年南京市道路网络分形特征的研究结果,测算2012年南京市道路网络的分形特征。将两个年份的研究结果进行比较,分析南京市道路网络近十年的分形特征变化情况。结果显示,2012年南京市道路网络的长度维数和分枝维数分别增长0.011 5和0.050 7,说明近十年南京市道路网络的连通程度和覆盖程度都有一定的发展,同时连通程度的发展快于覆盖程度。2012年南京市主城区各行政区道路网络的盒子维数也有所增长,增长值介于0.069 7~0.170 1之间,表明南京市主城区各行政区道路网络的覆盖深度都有提高但程度不同。研究结果表明,2012年南京市主城区各行政区分形特征与经济状况没有直接的对应关系。     

Chinese and multilateral development finance in the power sector

Public developmental institutions are pivotal in shaping the contours of the electricity sector of the developing world and its associated greenhouse gas emissions pathways. However, we have a fragmented and incomplete picture of the evolution of their investments over time and space. This is particularly the case for the recent rise of various Chinese Developmental Institutions (CDIs) for which infrastructure investment estimates range in the trillions under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and for which data is mostly not publicly disclosed. We address this gap in two ways: first, we compile and analyze a novel dataset that draws on commercial data tracking, publicly available datasets, and more than 1,000 supporting documents to match financial transactions by the main CDIs and traditional Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to power plant projects worldwide. This allows us to conduct a quantitative, comparative analysis of the role of CDIs and MDBs to understand the relative size, technology, and country focus of such investments in the period 1999–2020. Second, we complement the quantitative dataset with 39 expert interviews to shed light on the drivers behind the Chinese investments, with a particular focus on coal projects. The analysis shows that CDIs have rapidly emerged as the largest public finance provider for the electricity sector in the developing world. We also find that, in contrast with the increasingly green BRI rhetoric, the technology portfolio of CDI investments in power plants is still heavily dominated by coal plants. Over time, however, CDIs have increasingly supported more efficient coal plants and increased the share of their portfolio supporting non-hydro renewables and supported a growing number of projects jointly with MDBs. Steering China’s bilateral coal finance flows through international efforts into a more sustainable direction to meet climate goals will require careful consideration of a set of drivers and enablers of the involvement of CDIs and recipient countries in coal projects, which we discuss, as well as of the role of other finance providers, including traditional MDBs.     

基于相位一致性的遥感影像道路特征检测方法

在空间域中进行道路特征检测容易受图像亮度、对比度和噪声的影响,为了克服这一缺点,该文采用在频率域中进行道路特征检测。基于频率域的相位一致性道路特征检测方法具有亮度和对比度不变性,特征在频率域中表现出最大的相位一致性,通过计算影像6个方向的相位一致性值得到相位一致性值之和的灰度图,对灰度图进行二值化,然后使用数学形态学方法进行细化,去除噪声,检测出道路特征。实验表明,该方法对对比度、亮度变化不敏感,能够精确地检测出与人眼视觉相一致的道路特征。     

街网约束下的城市居民地自动综合算法

街网约束下的城市居民地自动综合是地图综合中的一个难点,该文从居民地多边形化简、居民地合并等方面讨论街网约束下城市居民地自动综合算法,并研究综合操作后居民地与街道冲突的解决方法.由此实现的城市居民地自动综合功能用于实验数据中,对多边形形态的化简、合并及街道形态的保持都较无约束条件下的居民地综合更合理.     

基于图像分块和线段投票的遥感道路边缘线提取

从遥感图像中提取边缘线是一个经典的课题,不同的边缘提取算法适用于不同类型的图像。实际图像中道路的几何形状不甚规则,因受到建筑和树木遮挡导致对比度较低且噪声影响较严重,道路边缘线会发生断裂,故高分辨率遥感图像道路边缘线提取一直是一个研究热点。针对现有方法很难提取出清晰连续的道路边缘线问题,提出一种遥感图像道路边缘线提取新方法:首先通过方向模板检测边缘点,搜索出分块图像中的子线段;然后延伸子线段并进行投票,连接处于弯曲边缘线的直线段,将长度大于特定阈值的边缘线作为输出结果;最后去除毛刺和分叉,取8个方向道路的并集作为最终道路网。实验结果表明,该方法能够从高分辨率遥感图像中较好地提取带有一定曲率、对比度较低、噪声影响严重的道路边缘线。     

火力发电厂干灰场灰渣坝修筑方法浅析

本文介绍了一种干灰场灰渣坝修筑方法,该方法主要是通过在灰渣坝上修筑运灰道路,进而使车辆通过该运灰道路行驶至灰渣坝坝顶,可避免在山体上修筑运灰道路,从而达到环境保护、节省工程造价及提高灰场运行效率的目的。     

Air transportation in China: Temporal and spatial evolution and development forecasts

This paper analyses the features and dynamic changes of the spatial layout of air transportation utilization among different provinces in China. It makes use of data for the airport throughput and socio-economic development of every province throughout the country in the years 2006 and 2015, and employs airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per unit of GDP as measures of regional air transportation utilization, which is significant for refining indicators of regional air transportation scale and comparing against them. It also analyzes the spatial differences of coupling between the regional air transportation utilization indicators and the key influencing factors on regional air transportation demand and utilization, which include per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Based on these key influencing factors, it establishes a multiple linear regression model to conduct forecasting of each province’s future airport passenger and cargo throughput as well as throughput growth rates. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) Between 2006 and 2015, every province throughout the country showed a trend of year on year growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita. Throughput per capita grew fastest in Hebei, with a rise of 780%, and slowest in Beijing, with a rise of 38%. Throughput per capita was relatively high in western and southeastern coastal regions, and relatively low in northern and central regions. Airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP showed growth in provinces with relatively slow economic development, and showed negative growth in provinces with relatively rapid economic development. Throughput per unit of GDP grew fastest in Hebei, rising 265% between 2006 and 2015, and Hunan had the fastest negative growth, with a fall of 44% in the same period. Southwestern regions had relatively high throughput per unit of GDP, while in central, northern, and northeastern regions it was relatively low. (2) Strong correlation exists between airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Throughput per capita has positive correlation with per capita GDP and urbanization rate in all regions, and positive correlation with population density in most regions. Meanwhile, there is weak correlation between airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density, with positive correlation in some regions and negative correlation in others. (3) Between 2015 and 2025, it is estimated that all provinces experience a trend of rapid growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput. Inner Mongolia and Hebei will see the fastest growth, rising 221% and 155%, respectively, while Yunnan, Sichuan, and Hubei will see the slowest growth, with increases of 62%, 63%, and 65%, respectively.     

道路连通性能震害评估方法研究

历史地震救援的经验表明,道路是抗震救灾的主要地面交通生命线,道路的破坏除了造成直接经济损失外,也直接影响相连道路的连通性能,间接影响了整个灾区路网的连通性能,从而降低了灾区交通运输效率.目前,缺乏对道路连通性能的客观、定量震害评估指标与方法.该文在复杂网络“网络效率”指标的基础上,发展了一种道路连通性能震害评估方法.首先,利用网络效率分别建立路线、路网的连通效率指标,然后根据震前、震后两个时相的路线、路网连通效率的变化,建立道路连通震害指数,评估道路连通性能的震害情况.试验表明,该方法可以有效地度量与区分不同震害情况下的道路连通性能,能够为应急救援提供定量的决策依据.     

GPS定位技术在连云港海堤路控制测量中的应用

主要论述了GPS定位技术在连云港海堤路控制测量中的应用,探讨了GPS定位技术用于线路控制测量中的有关问题,主要包括布网、选点埋石、野外数据采集和内业数据处理等。