Properties of Ironstone Lateritic Gravels in Relation to Gravel Road Pavement Construction

A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine properties of five samples of ‘oolitic ironstone’ lateritic gravel aggregates which are relevant to their use as road construction materials. Measured values of physico-chemical, physico-mechanical as well as index properties and compaction characteristics are similar to those of other lateritic, gravels occurring in West Africa which are used in road pavement applications. These lateritic clayey gravels have good workability as engineering construction materials and are rated fair to good as road aggregates in terms of probable in-situ behaviour based on water absorption values. Relationships between maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content as well as those between California bearing ratio and some derived soil parameters such as grading modulus, plasticity product or plasticity modulus can be described using a third-order polynomial function. The maximum dry unit weight has a bimodal frequency distribution and can be predicted from logarithm to base 10 of compaction energy with fairly good accuracy.     

Distribution and concentrations of anthropogenic platinum group elements in the surface environment of Hong Kong

Ecotourism environmental impact assessment is a traveling activity relevant influence prediction and appraisal. And the setting-up of the index system is very important to implement the appraisal of environmental impact of ecological travel. According to the index system, natural ecological environment, humane social environment, the environment of tourist resources and the atmosphere of capacity of tourist environment, four major systems form the first index. Each system formed the second index of several key elements. In addition, it is a key step to appraise the sureness of the factor weight, which influences the rationality of the result directly. Daily method of weighting has the Delphi＇s and the AHP. According to ＂Grade form of characteristic value of Standard of rating for quality of tourist attractions＂ which the National Tourism Administration issues, the paper takes the Jingshan mountains ecological tourist zone as an example and adopts AHP to weight the factors mainly, assisted with the Delphi＇s by the help of computer. The Jingshan ecological tourist zone is good. The result of calculation, comprehensive value of 8.35 after establishment, shows that it doesn＇t change dramatically, attributing to the index of natural ecological environment like atmosphere, quality of surface water, acoustics environment and vegetation coverage. Improvement of traffic states and sanitation caused by the project in the region increases the comprehensive value, while the water and soil loss in partial area caused by construction decrease.     

Micro area transportation of residues： A style forming the red weathering crusts of carbonate rocks

The red weathering crusts of carbonate rocks are usually characteristic of thick-bedded intensely weathered profiles and strongly undulate basement rock surface （i.e., alternative distribution of solution grooves and stone teeth）. In this work a typical red weathering crust of carbonate rock, whose parent rock is of homogeneity in composition, is selected in karst terrace, middle Guizhou Province, China. Via field geology, geochemistry, mineralogy, grain size analyses, and in comparison with two neighbouring limestone soils as well, the authors have discussed forming process of the red weathering crusts of carbonate rocks, and demonstrated that micro area transportation of acid-insoluble residues of carbonate rocks is a style of forming the red weathering crusts of carbonate rocks. The weathering front is a main place of geochemical reaction, and at this limited-thick interface, with quick dissolution of carbonates, acid-insoluble residues begin to obviously decompose.     

Comparison of organic pollutants in urban deposits of Guangzhou and Hong Kong metropolitan areas

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in the Pearl River Delta region, organic as well as inorganic pollution is becoming a major environmental concern. Urban deposits including road dusts, corresponding gully sediments and topsoils proved to be useful tools for assessing the level and distribution of contaminants in metropolitan areas. Most of the previous studies utilizing urban deposits, however, focused on inorganic pollutants, while data on organic pollutants are rare. In this study, therefore, the organic pollutants in urban deposits of Hong Kong and Guangzhou were systematically investigated in terms of their abundance, composition and distribution. The road dusts, gully sediments and vehicular tunnel dusts as well as soils from different urban locations with variable traffic volumes （less than 1000 to more than 75000 AADT） were examined. The results indicated that vehicle-emitted particles were the major source of organic pollutants, while the contributions from background soils were very limited. Surprisingly, the soil in a remote island of Hong Kong with no vehicular traffic has also shown signs of pollution from vehicular particles likely through dry-wet atmospheric deposits. In general, the characteristics of organic pollutants in urban dusts from both cities are comparable although there were also some significant differences. For example, the amount of extractable organic matter in urban deposits of Hong Kong was significantly higher than that of Guangzhou. Differences in their extractable asphaltene contents not only reflected the differences in quality and types and fuels used in these cities, but also sample residence times, and thus different extents of weathering processes.     

某二级公路滑坡稳定性评价及防治对策

简要地阐述了某二级公路滑坡的基本特征、成因机制。根据现场调查、勘探及试验成果,利用反算法对滑坡进行了稳定性计算及评价,并根据评价结果,提出了该滑坡的相应防治对策。     

世界能源保障基本形势探讨

国家能源保障主要由能源供应的稳定性和能源使用的安全性两个部分组成。论文从影响能源保障的资源基础、能源生产与消费、能源贸易与运输、能源消费对环境的破坏等方面分析了世界能源保障的基本形势,世界能源保障还主要停留在能源供应的稳定性层面上,对使用安全性尽管在思想已经认识到,但是在行动上还远不尽人意,世界能源保障应该从目前主要追求供应稳定性向追求供应稳定性和使用安全性的双重目标转变。由能源生产、消费、贸易与运输等组成的世界能源保障基本格局,随着中国、印度等发展中国家能源国际化的进一步推进,正受到巨大的冲击并不断进行重组。     

Road Network and Damaged Buildings in Urban Areas: Short and Long-term Interaction

In this paper, a model able to analyse the seismic behaviour of road network in urban areas, considering interaction between buildings and roads is presented. Damage to buildings and short-term countermeasures, such as propping, can affect roads and even block them, reducing capacity of the road network. Two successive phases are considered. In the first, immediately after the seismic event, emergency services have to reach the relevant buildings. Here, the network topology is of interest. In the second, in the long term, network capacity is not yet completely restored and network demand has to account for displaced people due to unusable buildings. In this case, road serviceability is of interest. In order to consider uncertainties on building behaviour, a probabilistic approach is developed and the network is analysed by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology is applied to the municipality of Potenza (southern Italy) evaluating in the short term, the probability of strategic buildings are not connected and, in the long term, road serviceability.     

加筋路堤竖向沉降的非线性有限元分析

采用非线性有限元方法,对土工织物能否减少软弱路基的竖向沉降量进行了探讨。对比计算表明:当路堤宽度较小时,土工织物的加筋作用使路堤体内的竖向位移速度场减小,从而可使竖向沉降量减少12%~16%,并可使路堤的稳定性提高达20%;当构筑物宽度较大时,土工织物对构筑物体内竖向沉降量的影响不大,即土工织物的加筋作用存在尺寸效应。因此,工程实际中应根据具体情况判断是否选用土工织物来改善构筑物的竖向沉降。分析表明:传统的极限平衡法来考察土工织物加固软土工程的稳定性时,由于存在诸多假定而导致该方法不能很好的反映土工织物与土之间的变形协调关系。故应发展非线性有限元方法来模拟土工织物与土之间的相互作用关系。     

高液限粘土路基填土工程性质探讨

文中通过级配分析、击实试验,分析了高液限粘土路基填土的物理力学特性和压实特性。认为现行以压实度为指标的压实控制标准不完备,是引起公路病害的主要原因之一。建议引入空气体积率作为粘土路基压实程度的评判标准,并提高现有压实度控制标准中路堤的压实度。     

松嫩平原碳酸盐渍土的基本性质研究

对203国道松原至金宝屯一级高速公路沿线典型的盐渍土进行了勘察、采样和室内实验分析后得出,地表以下1m以内土的含盐量为0.13%~0.54%,盐渍土类型为弱碳酸盐渍土,为低液限粉质粘土。土的pH值为9.5~10,天然状态下呈强碱性。天然含水率条件下原状土的直剪试验没有发现盐渍土内聚力和内摩擦角明显偏低的现象,但初步析表明,此类盐渍土的工程性质会在水的作用下表现出明显的不稳定性。