节能降耗,任重道远——漫长的循环经济之路

"十五"期间,我国国民经济保持高速增长,但是,高能耗、高物耗、污染重的粗放经济增长方式没有得到根本转变。在工业领域,能源消费超常规增长,能源结构仍然以煤炭为主,能源消耗量大,污染物排放量大。而生态农业建设虽然部分地缓解了农村经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾,但其只是在低层次上实现了物质能量的循环,废弃物利用率较低,有机农业发展缓慢。如果继续沿袭传统的以资源的大量消耗为代价实现工农业现代化的发展模式,是难以持续的。为了减轻经济增长对资源供给的压力,必须大力发展循环经济,实现资源的高效利用和循环利用。本文从六个方面分析了目前我国发展循环经济的主要措施、存在的问题及解决的途径:加强对太阳能的利用,重视多晶硅规模生产技术的自主研发;发展风力发电,培育风电设备制造产业;利用秸秆发电,发展可部分替代传统化石能源的生物质能源;推动以节能、节地、节水、节材和环保为核心的绿色建筑技术发展;节水与集雨;加强土壤污染监测与防治,通过人工方法修复天然的生态系统。通过分析,作者认为,发展循环经济是缓解资源约束矛盾、节能降耗的根本出路,在我国任重而道远。     

深圳市霾日分布特征与城市经济指标关系

利用深圳市近30a来霾日UV法统计数据进行霾日分布特征分析,并结合1980～2007年深圳逐年国民经济指标统计数据,着重讨论了深圳市霾日与城市经济指标的相关性.研究表明,90、00年代的初期至中期,是深圳霾日增长趋势最明显的两个阶段,月均霾日高值在12月至次年1月,达8d/月以上;低值在6～7月,达2d/月以下,随年代...     

中国参与长期（2000-2050年）CO2减排的情景选择

利用国外较为成熟的气候与经济综合评估模型（DICE/RICE）,通过调整CO₂排放控制率,对我国2000-2050年的若干CO₂排放情景进行了设定,在保证大气CO₂总量稳定的前提下开展了若干CO₂减排方案下我国CO₂排放量、经济发展水平和效用水平的影响评估。研究结果表明,若干CO₂减排方案都可以使未来200年的全球平均地表温度增量控制在3.2℃的气候安全阈值范围内,都可以有效地保护全球气候安全。当我国到2050年的CO₂排放量从2000年的253%控制为50%时,国内生产总值(GDP)的下降幅度从0.33%增加到12.22%,相对应的效用值的下降幅度从0.00422增加到0.09946,其下降幅度都随CO₂减排额度的加大而增加。为此,我国将要追加621.96亿～13784.73亿美元的气候投资,占GDP的0.19%～10.5%。因此,从最大程度地减少实施减排所需要的气候投资和对我国经济影响的角度出发,我国应该优先选择到2050年CO₂排放量控制为2000年的253%这个方案。     

山东省区域经济发展状况GIS评价

本文利用山东省2003年-2009年县市人均生产总值等经济数据,借助SuperMap的GIS空间分析功能进行山东省区域经济发展状况分析。方法上将单纯的统计数据与实际地理位置相关联。结果表明:山东省近7年间县域人均收入分布明显不均匀,呈现不利于经济长期持续发展的单峰分布状态;区域间的人均生产总值差距逐渐增加;人均生产总值与地理区位、资源分布和交通线路的分布有较大相关性。     

Evolving geographies of innovation: existing paradigms,critiques and possible alternatives

ABSTRACT

Theory development on the geographies of innovation has been very successful in incorporating the changing patterns of knowledge dynamics due to globalization, lifting the gaze beyond processes of localized learning and increasingly acknowledging the multilevel, multiscalar governance of innovation. Arguably less attention has been directed to the changing qualities and impacts of innovation as a result of globalization, notably in view of social polarization and climate change. The aim of the article is to provide suggestions for how research on the geography of innovation can be improved by engaging with a more capacious understanding of innovation and territorial development. The authors explore how socio-ecological innovation can be introduced in contemporary discussions and practices of place-based smart specialization policy. They conclude by suggesting that future research should address and interrogate (1) the rise of the foundational economy as an expression of place-based innovation, which entails new forms of co-governance, and (2) the challenge of experimentalism in the public sector, a sector that looms large in lagging regions and the places that were deemed not to matter until they took their revenge on the mainstream political system.     

Citizen preferences on private-public co-regulation in environmental governance: Evidence from Switzerland

Environmental policy is touching on ever more aspects of corporate and individual behavior, and there is much debate over what combinations of top-down (government-imposed) and bottom-up (voluntary private sector) measures to use. In democratic societies, citizens’ preferences over such combinations are crucial because they shape the political mandates based on which policymakers act. We argue that policy designs that involve private-public co-regulation receive more citizen support if they are based on inclusive decision-making, use strong transparency and monitoring mechanisms, and include a trigger for government intervention in case of ineffectiveness. Survey experiments in Switzerland (N = 1941) provide strong support for these arguments. Our research demonstrates that differences in co-regulation design have major implications for public support. Another key finding is that there seems to be a contradiction between inclusiveness and democratic accountability for policy outcomes. The findings are surprisingly consistent across two very different green economy issues we focus on empirically (decarbonization of finance, pesticides). This suggests that our study design offers a useful template for research that explores public opinion on green economy policy designs for other issues and in other countries.     

Promoting Local Growth: Process,Practice, and Policy

Electromap World Atlas, Version 1.1.

Interactive Population Statistical System, Version 1.0. Jerry W. Wicks and Jose Luiz Pereira de Almeida

MATHCAD, Version 2.5.

Memory Mate.

Micro DEM+, Version 5.21. Peter Guth

NCSS – Number Cruncher Statistical System, Version 5.02. Dr. Jerry L. Hintze     

Spatial coupling analysis of regional economic development and environmental pollution in China

Given the great number of studies focusing on the temporal interaction between economic and environmental subsystems, it is useful to perform a quantitative spatial assessment of these subsystems. In this paper, comprehensive assessment indicators for regional economic development and environmental pollution subsystems are constructed. Then, the degree of coupling and coordination of the regional economy-environment system is calculated for 350 prefectural units in China. It is found that the economic development and environmental pollution in most prefectural units is still at a low level of coupling and coordination. According to the coupling and coordination values, the Chinese territory can be divided into four types of area: economy-environment harmonious area, economy-environment gearing area, economy-environment rivaling area and low coupling degree of economy-environment area. Based on a structural analysis of the industrial sector in the four types of areas, there is a spatial relationship between the regional industrial sector structure and the coupling-coordination level. In the economy-environment harmonious area, the sectors of manufacturing of high-technology and high value-added products, such as communications, computer and electronic equipment, transport equipment and electrical machinery, account for a large proportion of the value of local industrial output. The industrial value of the economy-environment gearing area is concentrated on the manufacturing of machinery and equipment, and contains a few polluting sectors such as ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical manufacturing and electricity generation. The economy-environment rivaling area is the type of area where polluting sectors concentrate, such as iron and steel, petrifaction, coal mining, building materials and electricity generation. In the low coupling degree of economy-environment area, its industry is concentrated on the production and processing of primary products.     

中小城市旅游经济与生态环境协调发展研究——以池州市为例

城市旅游经济发展与生态环境建设密不可分,两者处于动态发展之中,既相互促进又相互制约.以池州市为例,构建了城市旅游经济与生态环境协调发展评价指标体系,并借鉴协调发展度模型,对池州市2001-2011年旅游经济与生态环境协调发展度进行定量测度,结果表明:池州市旅游经济和生态环境效益指数均呈上升趋势,旅游经济与生态环境系统协调发展度由0.1166升至0.8043,目前属于中度协调发展型.未来随着城市旅游经济的加速发展,生态环境的压力也越来越大,池州市要尽快采取相应措施促进旅游经济—生态环境系统向着良好协调发展型方向发展.