日照市征地补偿安置制度与失地农民权益探讨

为切实维护失地农民的合法权益,日照市不断加快征地补偿安置制度改革的步伐,积极探索失地农民的保护性就业政策措施,努力拓展失地农民安置渠道,逐步建立起失地农民的社会保障制度,为失地农民安居乐业以及维护社会长治久安提供了有力保障。     

Pastoralism within the cadastral system: Seasonal interactions and access agreements between pastoralists and non-pastoralists in Northern Kenya

The imposition of exclusive statutory real property rights in or near pastoralists’ areas and their migration corridors permanently excludes and extinguishes pastoralist rights to mobility and access to required resources. Seasonal interactions with non-pastoralist land use actors often occur during pastoralist migrations between rangelands and highlands or dry season grazing areas. In an embedded case study in Northern Kenya, in which interviews based on semi-structured questionnaires were held with pastoralists and non-pastoralists, we investigated how non-pastoralist land use actors manage encounters with migrating pastoralists within the context of the Land Administration system. We found that the majority of non-pastoralist land use actors encounter migrating pastoralists during distinct periods. Most never allow herders access to privately owned land. A small proportion allow access and make temporary verbal or written access agreements containing provisions on grazing fees, grazing regulations and rules to protect private property. The majority of non-pastoralists are unwilling to have access arrangements formalized. We argue that land rights adjudication should identify and confer all existing land rights to all users to avoid obstruction or renegotiation for access, and recommend the inclusion of pastoralists’ access rights as real property rights in the Land Administration system.     

山东省矿业权实地核查数据成果不一致性分析研究

采用属性项关联对比和空间制图与空间分析的方法,对矿业权登记库与核查库间属性数据和空间范围进行了不一致性分析,研究了矿业权数据中存在的问题及其产生的原因和特点,并提出了相应的处理方法。     

Woodcutting and territorial claims in Mali

In Mali, amidst moves toward political decentralization and the transfer of authority to manage natural resources, woodcutting has become an important tool for the assertion of territorial claims by villagers. The decentralization process has itself led to a profound political shake-up between the central state seeking to maintain land ownership and the de facto management of land by customary village authorities. But it is, however, primarily the devolution of forest resource management to village-led organizations that has prompted the cross-scale legitimization and assertion of various territorial claims from 1995 onwards. Based on two in-depth case studies on the outskirts of Bamako, Mali, the authors illustrate how new practices revolving around woodcutting and charcoal-making have been instrumental in intra- and inter-village disputes. At the village level, this transfer tends to exacerbate tenure claims over land and trees with the reactivation of autochthony-related arguments and thus the risk of excluding the most vulnerable social groups which are typically involved in woodcutting. At the inter-village level, this gives villages the opportunity to claim and demarcate boundaries by cutting, painting signs on some trees, or more radically tree felling being carried out solely to demonstrate appropriation. At the municipal level, this transfer leads to political and social adjustments between customary and decentralized authorities, each struggling to build their legitimacy in natural resource management.     

HNGICS在河南矿业权实地核查工作中的应用

依据HNGICS系统功能,通过矿业权实地核查工作,实现矿业权核查目的,阐述开展此项工作的意义,为HNGICS系统的进一步应用研究提供基础依据。     

Institutional change,fishing rights and governance mechanisms: The dynamics of the Spanish 300 fleet on the Grand Sole fishing grounds

The “Spanish 300 Fleet” on the Grand Sole fishing grounds has been one of the most important fleets in Europe for decades. This paper analyses the process of institutional change that has determined the governance mechanisms and the property-rights system in the case of the Spanish 300 fleet. It studies the centralized top-to-bottom process of institutional change that has included some relevant legal norms such as the approval of the compatibility of the vessel scrapping grants while retaining ownership of the fishing rights, the transferability of rights and lastly the implementation of ITQs in 2007, among other changes. This evolution of the governance mechanisms has facilitated the modernization and size adjustment of this fleet, which has been oversized for the fishing opportunities provided by the TACs. The paper explains how this process of institutional change has implied a reduction of the “300 fleet” to a 100 fleet while shedding light on the relationships between institutional change, governance mechanisms and the property-rights system in this case of fisheries management.     

天津市农村宅基地确权登记发证工作流程的探讨

2012年11～12月份,天津市国土房管部门开始进行农村宅基地确权登记发证的试点工作,我区选取精武镇小卞庄村作为试点村进行调查。本文详细地介绍了农村宅基地实地调查的基本原则、总体要求和工作流程,摸索出一套合理、高效的工作流程,为以后的宅基地调查工作的大面积铺开奠定坚实的基础。     

基于GIS和RS的农村集体土地产权确权研究

确定土地所有权是保护土地所有者和土地使用者合法权益、建立健全农村集体土地产权管理制度的重要手段。针对传统的调查方法周期长、精度低且费用较高等缺点,设计了农村土地产权确权的准确快速方法。阐述了GIS,RS相结合的技术手段在土地确权调查中的应用,并以宁夏回族自治区平罗县为例介绍了具体技术手段。RS和GIS集成技术在土地确权中的应用,可以有效提高农村土地产权确权效率,具有较好的现实意义和指导意义。     

THE ARCHIVE THAT NEVER WAS: STATE TERROR AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN GUATEMALA*

Between 1961 and 1996, more than 200,000 people in Guatemala lost their lives as a result of state‐orchestrated acts of terror denied still by the national security forces who committed them. A U.N. Truth Commission was repeatedly obstructed by army and police personnel from gaining access to official records, being told that no documentation of the type sought existed. Bureaucracies do not work that way, even ones with good reason to destroy or conceal evidence of an incriminating nature. It was nonetheless of startling import when an attorney working for Guatemala's Human Rights Office stumbled upon an archive recording the deeds of the National Police. Known now to contain an estimated 80 million documents, the Archivo Histórico de la Policía Nacional is a cabinet of atrocities that reveals conspiracy and complicity on the part of police officers engaged in a ghoulish network of surveillance, intimidation, abduction, torture, and murder.     

国外观鲸旅游的研究进展与启示

观鲸旅游业在国外发展迅速,已成为尊重海洋动物权益、满足海洋旅游者“原真体验”需求的重要手段。本文对国外观鲸旅游的研究范畴和关注重点进行研究,力图为我国观鲸旅游业的健康发展提供经验借鉴和理论指导。目前国际观鲸旅游业的观赏对象以鲸目动物和鲸鲨为主,侧重于对观鲸旅游活动开展对海洋生物习性、行为模式的影响研究,在经营管理方面的研究侧重依观鲸旅游业开展的成熟与否而有所差别。