贫困山区农户人力资本对生计策略的影响研究——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例

人力资本是构建农户生计的关键要素,从人力资本视角探讨农户生计选择对于推动农户生计转型、实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。论文以西南贫困山区四川省凉山彝族自治州为案例区,采用2018年508个农户样本数据,应用回归模型,估算了人力资本对农户生计策略的影响。结果表明：人力资本是山区农户生计选择的重要影响因素,不同类型人力资本对农户生计策略的影响不同,且具有明显的空间差异。教育文化、健康状况对非农生计策略的选择具有正向影响,且高山区>二半山区>河谷区,健康状况对河谷区农户生计选择影响不显著;非农技能培训对非农生计策略选择具有显著的正向影响,且高山区>二半山区>河谷区;农业技能培训对非农生计策略选择具有负向影响,且高山区<二半山区<河谷区,但其对高山区农户生计选择并不显著;青壮年劳动力倾向于选择非农生计,务农人口老龄化问题严峻,高山区表现最为突出,二半山区次之,河谷区较不明显。最后,根据研究结论,探讨了人力资本、劳动力转移与乡村发展之间辩证关系及相关政策建议。     

Practice of barren hilly land consolidation and its impact: A typical case study from Fuping County,Hebei Province of China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Land is the root of rural revitalization, and its core is to reinvigorate land resources through the building up of land capacity. Since the late 1990s, land...     

Comprehensive Assessment of Sustainable Tourism-oriented Revitalization in a Historic District: A Case Study of Qianmen Area,Beijing, China

Tourism-oriented revitalization of historic districts has been identified as a form of sustainability which is believed to contribute to both conservation and development. Comprehensive assessments of the effects of such tourism-oriented revitalizations in historic districts are thus a great challenge, and are needed to support sustainable development and management efforts. In this study criteria and indicators were identified by using the AHP method with experts scoring four aspects on two levels. We assess a case in China using this system and outputs indicated infrastructure and environment performed best, while the score for residents’ living condition and participation was the lowest. Finally, we offer some suggestions to improve the relatively poor status in order to assist historic districts in achieving sustained revitalization.     

基于SMOTE-RF算法的村庄发展类型识别方法研究

准确把握区域发展规律,定量、客观地认识村庄发展类型,对“因地制宜、分类推进”乡村振兴具有非常重要的现实意义。针对区域村庄发展类型自动、准确识别问题,研究提出了一种基于SMOTE-RF算法的村庄发展类型识别模型。研究首先从地形、区位、社会经济、农业生产和生态环境等方面提出了面向村庄发展多维特征表达的指标体系。在此基础上,针对村庄样本不平衡分布特点,利用SMOTE过采样技术对少数类样本进行分析和模拟,合成平衡化的村庄分类样本集;进而利用随机森林算法自动构建村庄发展的多维属性特征与村庄类型之间的非线性关系,形成可用于区域村庄发展类型自动识别的智能分类器。为验证模型的有效性,研究选取山东招远市作为试验区开展了实证研究。实验结果表明,耦合SMOTE过采样技术的随机森林分类模型有效保障了村庄分类结果的可靠性和准确度。在试验区,模型自动识别结果与规划专家分类结果的一致性达88.27%,Kappa系数为0.78,整体一致性良好。相对于人工分类,基于SMOTE-RF方法的村庄类型自动识别方法减少了依赖人工经验分类带来的不确定性,保障了分类结果的一致性,能够为国土空间规划和乡村振兴专项规划决策提供可靠的决...     

迈向城乡融合:新型城镇化与乡村振兴结合研究的关键与趋势

新型城镇化和乡村振兴两大国家战略有机结合并进行城乡共治是实现城乡融合的关键。通过分析新型城镇化和乡村振兴研究文献,认为新型城镇化与乡村振兴战略结合应聚焦两大战略的共生效应,科学评价城乡耦合程度,明确城乡融合的时空格局,提炼两大战略的耦合机制。要实现城乡融合,需要深入探究新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略的结合点和时空差异,以问题为导向进行学科交叉,从空间、经济、社会3方面入手,厘清城乡在行政管理、土地、户籍和社会保障制度间的关系,倡导多维制度联动改革,从国家、省域、城市、县域、乡镇到社区,通过多尺度整合,重构城乡融合的理论,激发以社区为核心的基层治理活力,进而创新中国城乡共治的模式。     

乡村优先发展背景下城乡要素流动与优化配置

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,中国乡村进入优先发展的关键阶段。科学认知乡村优先发展导向下的城乡要素配置规律与保障途径,对于落实农业农村优先发展具有重要参考意义。立足人地关系地域系统理论及“要素-结构-功能”的发展逻辑,解析乡村优先发展导向下城乡关系与要素优先保障的科学内涵,梳理中国城乡关系与要素流动的演变特征,进而从要素整合、空间融合和机制协同3个层面构建乡村要素优先保障的调控框架。结果表明：乡村优先发展是立足乡村要素、优化乡村结构、实现乡村功能的演变过程;中国城乡关系经历了城市优先发展、城乡协调发展到城乡融合发展阶段,乡村要素配置总体上呈现可流动要素类型少、要素流出难、要素流入难、要素留下更难的“一少三难”状态;在当前阶段,亟需通过扩大乡村可流动要素类型、增强要素流动权能、补齐基础设施短板,以及疏解乡村流入城市的要素存量、扩大要素流入乡村的渠道和扩展城乡“灰色空间”等多种途径,以实现“乡村富余要素流得出、城市要素流得进、稀缺要素留得下”的乡村要素优先配置目标,确保农业农村优先发展。     

论乡村聚落转型

在人类聚居学、人地关系地域系统和土地利用转型等理论基础上,从物质-社会空间耦合的视角阐释乡村聚落转型的概念内涵及其表征要素,揭示不同历史阶段乡村聚落空间从同质同构转向异质异构的基本特征,剖析外缘拉力、内生推力和系统突变力综合作用下的乡村聚落转型驱动机制,设计乡村振兴目标导向下乡村聚落转型分区、分类、分模式的路径体系。研究认为,乡村聚落转型应该调节物质空间和社会空间的协同演进,着力提升乡村聚落的内生动力和应对外界干扰抵御、适应和转型的能力,分类、有序的推进乡村聚落多元化发展并驱动乡村振兴。     

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of urban-rural integration in China北大核心CSCD

Urban-rural integration (URI) is a new idea to guide the urban-rural transformation in China, and exploring the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving mechanism of URI in China is an urgent need to overcome the dilemmas of insufficient rural development and unbalanced urban and rural development. Based on the process framework of "foundation-motivation-result" of URI, an evaluation indicator system was constructed. The improved entropy evaluation model and the kernel density estimation method were used to quantitatively measure the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of URI level of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China's mainland from 2000 to 2020. This study further used the Geodetector to explore the heterogeneous evolution of driving factors for URI level in different regions of China. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the URI level in China decreased first and then increased, showing a √-shaped trend, and its spatial differences narrowed. 2) The URI level in China presented a spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west, divided by the Hu Huanyong Line. The high-value centers showed prominent polarization characteristics and presented a zonal aggregation trend. The medium-value areas were clustered but weakened,and showed a spreading trend from the eastern to the central and western parts. 3) At the national scale, the core influencing factors of URI level were population mobility, economic development level, urban-rural income gap, and educational supports, potential factors were the optimization of industrial structure and the opening-up level, and threshold effect existed in investment benefit and government intervention. At the regional scale, the core driving forces of URI level in China showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, and in 2020 they were economic development level, investment benefit, and government intervention in the eastern region, investment benefit, opening-up level, and urban-rural income gap in the central region, are educational supports, government intervention, and the optimization of industrial structure in the western region. The interaction of driving factors had far more influence on URI level in China than individual factors, and the interaction between traffic accessibility and other socioeconomic factors had been significantly enhanced. Research on the spatio-temporal evolution and mechanism of URI in China can provide theoretical basis for rural revitalization and high-quality urban and rural development. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.     

乡村振兴背景下广东省农村宅基地房屋特征

以广东省农村地籍调查数据为基础,结合GIS空间分析方法,对农村宅基地房屋的利用、结构、空间分布等特征进行分析,结果表明：1）研究区内农村宅基地房屋以一层、砖结构和混合结构为主,空间分布存在明显的地域差异性。同时层高与结构间的空间分布存在一定相关性,低层与砖、混合结构房屋主要分布在粤北及粤西等偏远地区,高层与砼结构房屋多集中在珠三角地区。2）研究区内农村宅基地房屋空置、闲置现象普遍,平均空置率和闲置率分别为6.75%和5.66%,且农村空心化现象显著,50.87%的区县村庄处于中度空心化程度以上。此外,研究区内存在一定的一户多宅与户均宅基地面积超标现象。3）研究区内农村房屋利用特征受到人文、自然、社会、经济等多方面的影响,其中区域经济差异及珠三角发达地区的虹吸效应影响最为显著。广东省农村宅基地房屋利用特征与影响因素存在明显的空间差异性,且存在一定的闲置宅基地资源,因此乡村振兴战略实施时应当因地制宜,加强农村建设用地优化调整。     

乡村生产空间系统要素作用关系视域下的产业振兴路径研究——以重庆市为例

乡村生产空间系统是实施乡村产业振兴的空间集合体,系统各要素间的作用关系与强度直接关乎系统运行,稳定有序的系统是实现产业振兴的基础保障。论文在充分解析乡村生产空间系统各要素作用关系的基础上,通过文献梳理寻求共性指标、政策文本分析寻求个性指标,共性和个性2个维度相结合构建指标体系,分析系统各要素的空间表征,并运用结构方程模型分析系统要素间的作用关系和强度,同时以重庆市为研究区域予以检验并因地施策提出其产业振兴路径。结果表明：从共性和个性2个维度构建指标体系具有科学性、合理性和可实践性;重庆市乡村生产空间系统要素间的作用关系与强度各异,乡村生产空间系统要素的空间表征呈“圈层”分异;从夯实产业基础设施、构建产业振兴人才培育体系、产业升级增效3个层面提出了推动重庆市产业振兴的路径。