豫陕鄂交界区县域综合发展水平测度及障碍因子分析

以豫陕鄂交界区为研究对象,测度2000—2017年豫陕鄂交界区县域的综合发展水平,探析其空间分异特征、演化趋势和障碍因素。结果表明：① 2000—2017年,豫陕鄂交界区县域综合发展水平逐步提升,年均增速为6.08%,县域间发展的空间差异逐渐增大;② 县域综合发展水平在空间上呈正相关性,热点显著区呈现由东南部向西南部再向东南部迁移变化特征,冷点显著区在2005年前主要分布在安康市和商洛市,之后主要聚集在南阳市;③ 人文和经济要素为中度和中高障碍水平,资源和环境要素为极低和低障碍水平;随着时间的推移,障碍因子在不同县域空间阻力的分异特征更加显著。④ 豫陕鄂交界区县域发展空间阻力模式可划分为3种类型,其中人文资源要素制约型是主要的空间阻力模式。最后,基于不同空间阻力模式特征解析,提出了分区发展策略。     

中国东部中生代火山岩区地质文化村建设实践与思考——以福建杞溪为例

中国东部中生代火山岩区不仅拥有丰富而类型多样的地质遗迹资源,同时也是我国人口和城镇、乡村最密集的地区,且交通便利、产业齐全、经济发达,是利用地质遗迹资源推动经济发展,支撑乡村振兴的先行区和示范区。本文以福建省大田县杞溪村为例,通过开展地质遗迹资源和社会人文资源综合调查和分析融合,将其规划、设计并建设成为一个以火山文化为特色的地质文化村。基于杞溪地质文化村的建设经验,通过对比分析,提出我国在建设地质文化村时普遍存在单村资源和承载能力有限等问题,认为地质文化村建设方向应遵循以点带面,发挥区域联动作用,使业态趋于完善的发展路径,最终实现该模式的可持续发展。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.     

DOCTORAL THESES – DOKTORAVHANDLINGER

The article examines the role of ‘local paths’ and ‘substrates’ (networks, stakeholders, and human and economic capital) in the revitalization strategies of shrinking cities. Relationships between local stakeholders as well as their initiatives to revitalize declining cities determine not only future decision-making but also the demographic, economic, environmental, and social evolution of those cities. The article analyses two medium-sized declining cities in the old industrial region of Asturias, Spain. After a presentation of the processes that led to the studied cities' rise and decline, their revitalization strategies are analysed and interpreted on the basis of the local stakeholders' role. In these cities, the impact of local factors may largely explain the uneven evolutionary path in each city following crisis in their respective leading industries.     

中国城乡转型的时空格局及其优化决策

城乡转型是一个多领域、多层次的综合过程。科学认知城乡转型的概念内涵,系统探讨城乡转型的格局、过程和机理,对于解决新时代突出的城乡发展不平衡、乡村发展不充分问题具有重要意义。在城乡转型理论认知的基础上,论文综合解析了中国省域城乡发展水平及其时空格局,并基于城乡发展水平耦合协调度剖析了城乡转型的格局,探讨了不同类型城乡转型区城乡融合发展的关键及其对策。结果表明：① 城乡转型是城市地域系统演化与乡村地域系统演化交互作用的结果,其外在表征是这2个过程耦合协调的状态;② 2000—2018年,各省城市和乡村发展水平快速上升,城乡发展水平耦合协调度实现了由濒临失调向中级协调的转变,但中西部地区的耦合协调度显著低于东北地区和东部沿海地区;③ 2000—2018年,全国城乡转型整体上实现了由低水平城乡统筹向中等水平城乡融合的转变,在空间上呈现出中西部地区城乡转型滞后于东部沿海地区的特征;④ 全国城乡发展可划分为高水平城乡融合区、中等水平城乡融合区、低水平城乡融合Ⅰ区和低水平城乡融合Ⅱ区4种类型,各类型区城乡转型的关键在于通过深化改革、创新机制、补齐短板等措施建立健全城乡融合发展的体制机制,不断推进新型城镇化发展和乡村振兴战略落实。     

Rural vulnerability in China:Evaluation theory and spatial patterns

An indicator system is constructed and applied for comprehensive measurement of rural vulnerability in China's counties.Through the selection of five representative transects we explore regional differences in,and driving forces of,China's rural vulnerability.The re-sults show that (1) The rural vulnerability of counties in China is generally within the threshold range of low to medium,and exhibits obvious spatial differences.Along the "Bole-Taipei Line",there is a spatial pattern of north-south differentiation.Villages in the northeast part of the counties have low vulnerability,while those in the southwest are relatively vulnerable (2) Ex-ternal environmental phenomena are the leading factors that induce rural vulnerability.Spe-cifically,the rural ecological subsystem composed of ecological exposure,ecological sensi-tivity,and ecological adaptation is the principal determinant of rural vulnerability.The rural economic subsystem composed of economic exposure,economic sensitivity,and economic adaptation is also a core determinant of rural vulnerability.The social subsystem composed of social exposure,social sensitivity,and social adaptation is also an important determinant of rural vulnerability.(3) According to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions,different regions should seek to reduce regional embeddedness and path dependence.We should strengthen the prediction and monitoring of sources of disturbance in rural areas,and scientifically control the sensitivity of the system itself.Then the adaptive capacity of the rural system can be improved pursuant of promoting sustainable development.     

中国农业地域分异与现代农业区划方案

农业是自然再生产与经济再生产过程的统一,农业地域格局取决于自然、经济、社会和技术等要素的综合影响,而且伴随着这些要素的长期变化而产生时空演化和区域分异,由此奠定了综合农业区划的科学基础。本文探讨了中国工业化、城镇化、信息化和农业现代化协调发展新战略,剖析了现代农业发展环境的时空转变及其动态特征,建立了农业自然要素与农业地域功能耦合测度指标体系,应用聚类分析和定性评判综合手段提出了新时期中国现代农业区划原则和方法,制定了全国现代农业区划方案。该方案包括15个农业一级区、53个农业二级区,并与1981年农业综合区划方案进行比较分析,深入揭示了快速工业化、城镇化、信息化进程中中国农业生产结构、地域功能、格局动态和发展趋向,为新时期加快各地区现代农业战略性结构调整,促进农业现代化发展奠定了重要基础,为创新发展现代农业与乡村地理学,促进地理学综合研究服务国家战略需求提供了重要参考。     

Discrete emergence of neoliberal policies on public space: an informal Business Improvement District in Istanbul,Turkey

This article investigates the birth and evolution of a Business Improvement District (BID) in Talimhane, Istanbul, which is the first case of use of this instrument of neoliberal governance in the Turkish city. The distinctive nature of the Talimhane BID consists in the fact that it has been developed through a series of informal and piecemeal arrangements. The article first reviews the evolution, characteristics, and critical aspects of BIDs. It then focuses on the case study of this “informal BID” in Talimhane, analysing its origins, features, and outcomes. The informal nature of this BID is stressed as a key factor in understanding its features and outcomes, and it emerges as a fundamental component of urban neoliberalism in Turkey: it allows a centralized and authoritarian government to maintain complete control over public space and private actors and activities, while promoting a process of devolving powers in favour of the private sector.     

基于SMOTE-RF算法的村庄发展类型识别方法研究

准确把握区域发展规律,定量、客观地认识村庄发展类型,对“因地制宜、分类推进”乡村振兴具有非常重要的现实意义。针对区域村庄发展类型自动、准确识别问题,研究提出了一种基于SMOTE-RF算法的村庄发展类型识别模型。研究首先从地形、区位、社会经济、农业生产和生态环境等方面提出了面向村庄发展多维特征表达的指标体系。在此基础上,针对村庄样本不平衡分布特点,利用SMOTE过采样技术对少数类样本进行分析和模拟,合成平衡化的村庄分类样本集;进而利用随机森林算法自动构建村庄发展的多维属性特征与村庄类型之间的非线性关系,形成可用于区域村庄发展类型自动识别的智能分类器。为验证模型的有效性,研究选取山东招远市作为试验区开展了实证研究。实验结果表明,耦合SMOTE过采样技术的随机森林分类模型有效保障了村庄分类结果的可靠性和准确度。在试验区,模型自动识别结果与规划专家分类结果的一致性达88.27%,Kappa系数为0.78,整体一致性良好。相对于人工分类,基于SMOTE-RF方法的村庄类型自动识别方法减少了依赖人工经验分类带来的不确定性,保障了分类结果的一致性,能够为国土空间规划和乡村振兴专项规划决策提供可靠的决...     

Comprehensive Assessment of Sustainable Tourism-oriented Revitalization in a Historic District: A Case Study of Qianmen Area,Beijing, China

Tourism-oriented revitalization of historic districts has been identified as a form of sustainability which is believed to contribute to both conservation and development. Comprehensive assessments of the effects of such tourism-oriented revitalizations in historic districts are thus a great challenge, and are needed to support sustainable development and management efforts. In this study criteria and indicators were identified by using the AHP method with experts scoring four aspects on two levels. We assess a case in China using this system and outputs indicated infrastructure and environment performed best, while the score for residents’ living condition and participation was the lowest. Finally, we offer some suggestions to improve the relatively poor status in order to assist historic districts in achieving sustained revitalization.