青藏高原环境气象研究进展

近十年来,青藏高原环境气象研究进展迅速,无论是观测研究还是理论研究方面均有新的发现。周秀骥和邹捍等先后发现夏季青藏高原上空的臭氧低值中心并提出了产生这种低值中心的可能原因。高登义等利用１９７５年以来对珠穆朗玛峰北坡水环境的监测资料,分析研究后发现,１９９０￣１９９１年爆发的中东战争油田燃烧曾污染了珠峰地区的水环境,带来珠峰北坡绒布河水十三种化学元素含量的剧烈增加,比其前后各年增加了５￣７倍。     

一种迭代法的圆曲线拟合方法

针对在实际测量工作中量测圆心坐标及半径时存在的问题,该文基于迭代法的思想,推导了一种圆曲线拟合的方法,并用实例数据进行了检验。结果显示,该方法在离散点均匀采集或非均匀采集的情况下均具有良好的拟合效果,与目前在圆曲线拟合方法中普遍采用的最小二乘法相比,具有同样高的拟合精度,验证了该拟合方法的正确性与可行性。     

Understanding Perturbation on the Simplex: A Simple Method to Better Visualize and Interpret Compositional Data in Ternary Diagrams

Perturbation is an operation defined on the simplex and can be used for centering compositional data in a ternary diagram, applying objective criteria. Because a straight line in the original diagram is still astraight line in the perturbed diagram, gridlines or compositional fields defined by straight lines can easily be included in the operation. Simultaneous perturbation of data, gridlines, and/or compositional fields is shown to improve both visualization and graphical interpretation of compositions in ternary diagrams. This is illustrated by some examples using simulated as well as real data.     

高层隔震结构扭转分析

为研究高层隔震结构在地震作用下的扭转效应,用Etabs软件建立1个高层抗震结构和4个具有不同扭转特性的高层隔震结构的空间模型进行地震响应分析,以验证此原则上部结构质量中心与隔震层刚度中心的重合与否对结构扭转效应的影响程度,而后考察偏心高层隔震结构在偶然偏心地震作用下结构的扭转效应。结果表明:由于地震作用的减小,扭转效应要远小于原抗震结构,且隔震本身对于结构扭转效应的抑制效果要好于上述原则;扭转效应的减震率大于平动效应的减震率。布置在隔震层平面外围的铅芯橡胶隔震支座对隔震层的扭转有一定的控制作用。     

Rotation Center and Horizontal Bearing Capacity of the Bucket Foundation in Soft Ground

In the last 20 years, the bucket foundation has been developed as a new type of offshore platform structure. Because of its short period of application to engineering practices, the theoretical decision on the rotation center and horizontal bearing capacity of the bucket foundation has yet to be agreed. A limit analysis method is used to determine the updated rotation center position and horizontal bearing capacity to evaluate the failure mechanisms of the bucket foundations. The results are compared with numerical simulation and experiments, and also with other theoretical methods. The proposed method can satisfactorily consider the engineering conditions and the result is accurate in determining the rotation center and horizontal bearing capacity.     

一种基于分布中心的矢量数据零水印算法

针对鲜有零水印算法能同时适用于点、线、面矢量数据版权保护,提出一种基于分布中心的矢量地理空间数据零水印算法。首先,对矢量数据进行格网划分;其次,计算格网内每个点到其算数平均值中心的距离,并将得到的距离序列与距离平均值进行比较,大于等于距离平均值,则记为1,否则为0;然后,统计格网内的0和1数量的多数,记为0或1,以此生成空间数据特征值;最后,将该特征值与置乱后的二值水印进行异或,构造出零水印图像。实验表明,文中算法能同时适用于点、线、面矢量数据,并且对常见的平移、缩放、裁剪、格式转换、随机删点等攻击鲁棒性好。     

广东省城市创新联系的空间格局演变及优化策略

城市创新联系的研究对揭示创新空间结构特征、制定区域创新发展策略具有重要意义。本文运用空间相互作用模型对广东省2003、2012年21个地级城市的创新联系空间格局进行测度,分析空间格局演变的特征,并探讨广东省创新联系空间格局的发展与优化策略。结果表明：广东省城市创新联系的空间格局呈现新型“核心—边缘”结构,珠三角仍是这一结构的核心,但有弱化和分化趋势;区域整体网络化程度增强,珠三角外围地区有反极化趋势出现。2003-2012年,创新中心城市由5个变为6个,其辐射范围大小及方向发生变化,辐射强度仍维持强强联合的格局。未来应促进现有创新联系空间格局的优化,在区域整体层面上形成多中心网络化的创新结构。     

低空大比例尺地形图航测生产关键技术

针对传统航空摄影测量生产工艺在生产过程中遇到的影响大比例尺测图精度的问题,该文探讨了低空航测生产大比例尺地形图的关键技术。通过选用宽角相机、低航高飞行、强化影像匹配、野外布设标志控制点、优选平差模型、精化测图操作等改进方式,以提高大比例尺航测精度;组建无人飞艇低空航测系统,对提出的技术方法予以实现;最后给出了山西境内近30个县市建成区1∶500测绘生产实践的部分验证成果。     

近30年来新疆经济重心转移路径

运用空间均值地图演示的方法,研究了新疆近30年以来经济重心的转移问题.得出以下结论:(1)新疆经济重心与中心并不重合,位于其地理重心的东北部,经济重心与地理重心之间的距离总体呈逐年增大趋势;(2)1978-2007年间经济重心移动轨迹由西南向东北呈"S"型态势发展,总方向为东偏北10.49°,总移动距离为103.87 km,其中东西方向移动102.13 km,而南北方向仅移动18.91 km,绝大多数年份的经度向变化大于纬度向变化;(3)新疆经济重心的移动与区域经济发展政策密切相关,不同历史时期的区域发展政策使得新疆经济重心呈现一定的阶段性和规律性.新疆区域经济差异总体是在不断扩大的,建议区域经济发展政策应继续向新疆西部、西南部地区倾斜.     

Formation of low permeability reservoirs and gas accumulation process in the Daniudi Gas Field,Northeast Ordos Basin,China

The Daniudi Gas Field is a typical large-scale coal-generated wet gas field located in the northeastern Ordos Basin that contains multiple Upper Paleozoic gas-bearing layers and considerable reserves of gas. Based on integrated analysis of reservoir petrology, carbonate cement C–O isotope, geochemistry of source rocks and HC gas and numerical basin modeling, a comprehensive study focusing on the formation of low permeability reservoirs and gas generation process uncovers a different gas accumulation scene in Daniudi Gas Field. The gas accumulation discovered was controlled by the reservoir permeability reduction and gas generation process, and can be divided into two distinct stages by the low permeability reservoir formation time: before the low permeability reservoir formation, the less matured gas was driven by buoyancy, migrated laterally towards NE and then accumulated in NE favorable traps during Late Triassic to early Early Cretaceous; after the low permeability reservoir formation, highly matured gas was driven by excessive pressure, migrated vertically and accumulated in-situ or near the gas-generating centers during early to late Early Cretaceous. The coupling relationship between reservoir diagenetic evolution and gas generation process controlled on gas accumulation of the Daniudi Gas Field. This study will aid in understanding the gas accumulation process and planning further E&D of the Upper Paleozoic super-imposed gas layers in the whole Ordos Basin and other similar super-imposed low permeability gas layer basins.