BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

Toronto’s Little Portugal: gentrification and social relations among local entrepreneurs

This article clarifies neighborhood politics in Toronto’s Little Portugal Business Improvement Area (BIA), an ethnic neighborhood facing gentrification, by focusing on local entrepreneurs and the social relations among them. In the BIA, non-Portuguese businesses have replaced Portuguese businesses in the past decade; Portuguese and non-Portuguese entrepreneurs are now found in almost the same numbers. I visualized their social relations by using a diagram called a sociogram. Portuguese and non-Portuguese entrepreneurs are spatially inseparable but socially divided in the neighborhood. The BIA board, an organization for community development spearheaded by local entrepreneurs and property owners, has become predominantly non-Portuguese. The social relations among non-Portuguese entrepreneurs affect and are affected by the activities of this organization. While the Portuguese community could potentially mount resistance by mobilizing the collective power of the provincial ethnic alliance, the BIA is a form of quasi-government in Little Portugal; hence, the Portuguese community may have limited options for such resistance.     

UK retail concentration, Chilean wine producers and value chains

This paper seeks to examine how value chains impinge upon firms within the Chilean wine sector. The value chain analysis will further link the production and export of wine in Chile with the import and retailing of this wine in one key core economy market, namely that of the UK. The analysis is divided into three sections. First, the political economy of value chains in agro-industry is discussed, particularly in relation to the distinction between network or quasi-hierarchical relationships. Then the paper examines the theme of retail concentration in the UK and the impacts that this has on global value chains which incorporate Chilean wine firms. The focus then moves to value chains and the nature of upgrading within Chilean wine firms by examining the strategic example of the lead firm and firm upgrading as a response to demands of UK retailers and through the flying winemaker model. Broad conclusions on the comparative nature of value chains and the scramble for value within them are finally made.     

广州轨道交通枢纽零售业的特征聚类及时空演变

轨道交通开发与城市商业空间演变的关系是城市交通和商业地理研究领域中的一个热点问题。以广州市轨道交通投入运营的14个换乘枢纽为研究对象,在对换乘枢纽区位信息和零售商业集聚特征指标提取和计算的基础上,分析换乘枢纽零售商业空间的类型、时空演变的过程及形态特征,探讨城市交通与零售业发展对轨道交通枢纽站点商业空间形成的影响。结果表明:1广州轨道交通换乘枢纽商业空间可划分为4个类型:门户型商业中心;区域型商业中心;枢纽型商业中心和社区型商业中心。2换乘枢纽商业空间的演变经历点状、面状和放射状结构三个阶段的发展,轨道交通网络的空间演化与城市新旧商业中心的动态发展之间具有一定的耦合性。在城市轨道交通发展初期,地铁在促进门户型商业中心的繁荣方面表现突出。当轨道交通体系形成后,轨道交通的作用由中心城区逐渐向边缘城区和外围新建城区拓展,在具有较高消费能力的区域建成新的商业中心并形成消费引导,对区域型商业中心、枢纽型商业中心和社区型商业中心等地铁商业空间的形成起到重要的促进作用。3受交通(规划与建设)、商业(配套与环境)两方面因素的共同作用,换乘枢纽商业空间集聚在微观形态上的演变路径可分为商业导向和交通导向两种关系类型,不同类型的枢纽商业空间在交通与商业均衡发展的程度上存在分异。4轨道交通与零售商业互动发展对换乘枢纽商业空间的影响主要体现在4个方面:强化门户型商业中心的核心竞争力;提升区域型商业中心的服务等级和作用;抑制枢纽型商业中心的多业态组合经营;推进社区型商业中心的形成和发展。     

Global retail capital and the city: towards an intensification of gentrification

The emerging literature on retail gentrification has not paid much attention to the link between recent reconfigurations of retail capital (concentration, internationalization, and financialization) and the contemporary wave of “generalized gentrification”. In this paper, I argue that analyzing the strategies of stakeholders involved in sectors other than housing (in this case, the retail sector) should allow us to identify different forms of gentrification intensification. I investigate the case of the Marais – that is, one of the first Parisian neighborhoods having undergone gentrification – by mapping the frontier of retail gentrification over the long term (1965–2011) and at the scale of an entire neighborhood (more than 130 ha comprising over 2,000 commercial units). The key drivers of the process (commercial real estate, new brand development strategies, changing commercial environment, the role of public policies) and its social stakes (displacement/replacement of former stores) are then discussed.     

The organisational context of retail locational planning

Retailers have a large number of techniques at their disposal to assist them in their locational planning, but the use made of them is varied, regardless of their intrinsic merits. The reasons for this lie very much in the organisational context in which the techniques are applied. This paper discusses the nature of locational planning and decision making, and puts forward a framework which links locational planning and the organisational settings in which it takes place. The preliminary results of a survey of the use of techniques by U.K. retailers are presented, which show that while most companies use more than ‘Rules of Thumb’, it is the simplest techniques which are the most widely used. The application of the more advanced knowledge based methods is still relatively uncommon. The explanation for the variations lies in the attributes of the techniques themselves, the types of locational planning undertaken, and the structural and cultural characteristics of the companies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

商人流迁与市场系统的时空组织模式

本文分别讨论了流动商在地方性交换系统、区域间贸易系统及流动性零售系统中的作用及其市场系统的时空分布特征,并分析了网上空间市场的崛起对商人流迁影响。     

AN APPROACH TO RETAIL COMMERCE LOCATION OF GUANGZHOU URBAN AREA

Proceeding from the commercial function of Guangzhou urban area, this paper expounds the principles and requirements for choosing commercial location, puts forward the bases to determine the limits of commercial centres. Thirty major commercial centres, in Guangzhou urban area are classified by means of cluster analysis. The function, size, hierarchy and interconnection of commercial centres of different groups are studied. The paper emphatically analyzes the major characteristics and formation factors of the commercial location of Guangzhou urban area. Finally, to counter some problems in existence, some suggestions are put forward in order to improve the commercial location of Guangzhou urban area.     

大型跨国零售企业进军中国的市场分析

CEPA和WTO框架的全面实施，对我国零售业将产生巨大影响．本文以进入中国市场的大型跨国企业为研究对象，分析其业态特征、进入中国市场的条件及其对中国零售业的挑战。文中以销品茂和大卖场为重点，探讨其准入现状、准入环境、规模经济优势和技术优势。论文最后就在竞争中学会竞争，提高中国零售企业的国际竞争力提出自己的见解。     

The Geographic Exposure to Lifestyles by U.S. Retail Chains

Fifty retail chains with more than 70,000 U.S. store locations were placed into a cluster analysis to group together similar chains based on lifestyle segmentation composition of store trade areas. Five distinct cluster groups emerged. The objective was to analyze whether the geographic exposure to various lifestyles is aligned with the value platform of each retailer. Competitors were also analyzed along the lines of group membership. Although not all competitors were in the same groups, category killers generally located near higher income segments, whereas value retailers and chains that feature off-price merchandise generally located near customers with more modest incomes.