混沌功率谱熵方法在识别水淹低阻油层中的应用

储集层孔隙度和电阻率曲线间微差形态波形的复杂程度隐含着储集层含油气性的信息,可以用混沌动力学系统加以刻划。油层相空间庞加莱截面明显具有自相似结构,呈现混沌特性;而水淹层和水层的相空间庞加莱截面显示,其混沌性呈显著减弱之势,系统趋于简单有序。其功率谱密度不论水淹程度如何,整体为一随频率增大其能量按指数递减连续频谱;随水淹程度逐渐减弱,递减幅度减小,整体能量逐渐降低,某些频率成分被吸收削弱,由光滑状逐渐演变成锯齿起伏状,其功率谱熵逐渐增大。基于测井信息的混沌特征和功率谱熵特征识别水淹层的方法,对利用传统测井解释理论判别比较困难的低阻油层有较强的识别能力。     

由多个震源机制解分析甘肃及边邻地区应力场特征

基于震源断层面解的空间取向和断层滑动方向,由相应力轴张量在地理坐标系中的表达式,通过坐标旋转、代数平均可求得多个震源机制解的P、B、T轴参数的平均应力场。据甘肃及边邻地区的分区活动特征,将研究地区分为8个小区域,由各个区域内多个地震震源机制解,采用力轴张量计算法,得到了各个区应力张量的定量分析结果。     

Interpretation of a two-point flux stencil for skew parallelogram grids

Control-volume formulations for elliptic equations often use two-point flux stencils, even for skew grids. Any two-point flux stencil may be interpreted as a multipoint flux stencil. This yields a definition of the permeability (or conductivity) tensor. Formulas for calculating the permeability tensor, based on the user-specified quantities in the two-point flux stencil, are given. Numerical test examples demonstrate the validity of the derivation.      

红外仪激电仪超前探水技术研究

在１００号矿体工程的斜井开拓中,用构造推断及红外仪激电仪进行超前探水预测预报,经过现场实测、跟踪监测及含水曲线的研究分析,准确预报了前方含水构造部位,防止了水害,加快完成了该矿体的开拓,取得了明显的经济效益。     

内蕴大地边值问题

提出内蕴大地边值问题,使得有可能利用重力场边界观测研究地球重力场的内蕴结构。文中构造了椭球问题的迭代逼近求解程式,并给出了具体解式。     

5次中强震前河源地电台地电阻率的异常变化

１９７５￣１９９１年间,广东河源市新丰江水库区发生了５次ＭＬ４．７￣５．１级地震。距震中１０ｋｍ以内的河源黄子洞地电台记录到了震前不同程度的地电阻率异常变化。采用距平法消除年变干扰后异常延续时间一般为３个月左右,电阻率异常下降幅度在１％左右。利用《指南》中的震兆异常信度分析法确认其异常信度后,利用模糊信息处理法对异常判定地震三要素进行了计算,结果与实际基本符合。     

1994年9月16日台湾海峡7.3级地震震源过程的研究

采用数字化台网Ｐ波波形资料及台湾台网Ｐ波初动方向资料,研究了１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡７３级地震及邻近地区（北纬２１～２６°,东经１１５～１２０°）ＭＬ≥５８级共５次地震的矩张量解及震源参数。结果表明,这次７３级地震的矩张量解以双力偶成分为主,是断层面接近ＮＷ走向的正断层。断层面的走向与大震前地震的条带分布走向及余震分布显示的破裂图象较相象,震源机制的张应力轴接近水平,近ＮＥ走向;压应力轴几乎垂直,近ＮＷＷ走向,似乎表明这次地震是受菲律海板块向欧亚板块北西向挤压的力源控制。从Ｐ轴接近竖直而Ｔ轴接近水平来看,发震断层为强烈拉张性正断层,可能还同时存在垂直向上的应力作用。其它４个强震的震源机制解与７３级大震的差别较大。这些地震震源机制解的复杂性,表明台湾海峡地震序列的发展过程比较复杂。     

Inversion of source process and related studies of the Taiwan Strait earthquake using genetic algorithm

Applying genetic algorithm to inversion of seismic moment tensor solution and using the data of P waveform from digital network and initial motion directions of P waves of Taiwan network stations, we studied the moment tensor solutions and focal parameters of the earthquake of M=7.3 on 16 September of 1994 in Taiwan Strait and other four quakes of M _L≥5.8 in the near region (21°–26°N, 115°–120°E). Among the five earthquakes, the quake of M=7.3 on September 16, 1994 in Taiwan Strait is the strongest one in the southeastern coast area since Nan’ao earthquake of M=7.3 in 1918. The results show that moment tensor solution of M=7.3 earthquake is mainly double-couple component, and is normal fault whose fault plane is near NW. The strike of the fault plane resembles that of the distributive bands of earthquakes before the main event and fracture pattern shown by aftershocks. The tension stress axis of focal mechanism is about horizontal, near in NE strike, the compressive stress axis is approximately vertical, near in NWW strike. It seems that this quake is controlled by the force of Philippine plate’s pressing Eurasian plate in NW direction. But from the viewpoint of P axis of near vertical and T axis of near horizontal, it is a normal fault of strong tensibility. There are relatively big difference between focal mechanism solution of this quake and those of the four other strong quakes. The complexity of source mechanism solution of these quakes represents the complexity of the process of the strait earthquake sequences. Contribution No. 98A01001, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China. The subject is supported and helped by Academician Yun-Tai CHEN, Profs. Qing-Yao HONG, Zhen-Xing YAO, Tian-Yu ZHENG, Yao-Lin SHI, Ji-An XU, Bo-Shou HUANG and colleague Mei-Jian AN, Xue-Reng DING, Rui-Feng LIU. De-Chong ZHANG and Ming Li provided the digital data warm-heartedly. Lin-Ying WANG offered us the catalogue of earthquakes in southeastern coastal area in China. Xi-Li WANG and Tong-Xia BAI provided us the issued annual reports data. The authors would like to express their gratitude to all of these people. This paper is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Scientific and Technological Commission of Shantou, Guangdong Province.     

随深度指数变化的视电阻率解

从横向均匀介质满足的基本方程出发,得到视电阻率核函数的一阶非线性微分方程,通过方程求解,并利用滤波系数法容易得到电阻率随深度任意变化的视电阻率问题。当各层介质电性结构随深度呈指数变化时,还可得到各层之间核函数的递推关系,这对实际介质的正反演问题都有重要意义和应用价值。     

Inversion of free oscillation data for an elliptical rotating earth in source moment tensor studies

It is shown, through numerical experiments, that the effect of ignoring ellipticity and rotation of the earth when inverting free oscillation data in moment tensor studies, is to introduce spurious spectral components in the solution. For numerical simulation of the data conditions of the 1970 deep Colombian event the spurious part has isotropic and deviatoric components, besides a distortion in the phase spectra which may lead to artificial precursive source in the solution. The magnitude of the artificial isotropic component is of the order of 10% of the real source moment tensor, depending on the data set used in the inversion. Measuring the excitation of each mode at each station using the technique of integrating over the spectral peaks does not cancel completely the effect of multiplet splitting, in particular that splitting due to rotation of the earth. The effect of lateral heterogeneities was simulated by introducing arbitrary splitting parameters which produced scattering in the eigenperiods compatible with those observed. For that splitting the inversion rendered additional isotropic components.We conclude that the observed implosive precursor the the 1970 Colombian event could have been artificially introduced by ignoring rotation, ellipticity and lateral heterogeneities of the earth.A procedure to invert free oscillation data for an elliptical rotating earth is proposed. It could be applied to a laterally inhomogeneous earth if the excitation for that model could be computed. Its application to real data for the deep Colombian event indicates that we will need to improve our knowledge on the effect of rotation, ellipticity, lateral heterogeneities and anelasticity on free oscillation and their excitation in order to solve accurately for the six components of the moment tensor independently.