长安少陵塬黄土含水条件与控制因素研究

 根据长安少陵塬杨湾黄土剖面含水层的调查、含水量、孔隙度测定和粒度分析,研究了黄土含水层与隔水层的分布、含水条件及其与第四纪气候变化的关系。结果表明,长安杨湾剖面黄土地层含水量变化代表了与以往研究不同的变化类型,含水量峰值出现在黄土层中,低值出现在红色古土壤层中；从上向下含水量与孔隙度呈波动变化规律；在所研究的剖面中出现的5个含水层均由黄土层构成,隔水层由红色古土壤构成。研究剖面中含水层与隔水层的水理性质主要是它们形成时的气候不同决定的。红色古土壤的隔水性是由于温湿气候条件下的粘土化作用产生的，黄土层的含水空间发育好主要是当时相对冷干的气候条件下的较弱的成壤作用造成的。含水空间发育较好的黄土层和粘化强的红色古土壤隔水层的存在是该黄土剖面中地下水富集的两个基本条件。     

沙漠地区春季近地层气象要素分布规律的观测研究

利用2005年1月至2006年4月朱日和地区20 m气象塔的风向、风速、气温、相对湿度的观测资料,分析沙漠地区春季近地层气象要素的分布规律。结果表明: 春季温度回升,风速最大,相对湿度最小,利于起沙,故沙尘天气频繁。风速满足幂指数率分布规律,并且幂指数m能够很好的反映出风速梯度的变化情况;在沙尘暴、扬沙、背景、浮尘的天气条件下,春季近地面层风速梯度依次增大,湍流动量、热量交换系数依次减小;风向以西南为主。浮尘、扬沙天气各气层平均增温率分别大于或小于同时段的背景大气;沙尘暴期间温度下降,平均降温率为0.61 ℃\5h-1。春季相对湿度的平均递减率(递增率)与平均增温率(降温率)的大小正相关。浮尘天气相对湿度的平均递减率大于同时段的背景大气;扬沙天气相对湿度的平均递减率小于同时段的背景大气;沙尘暴天气相对湿度增大,平均增大率为2.80%\5h-1。     

Dipping-interface Mapping Using Mode-separated Rayleigh Waves

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are contoured using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. Based on the assumption that a dipping-layer model can be regarded as stepped flat layers, high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) has been proposed to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy and separate modes of Rayleigh waves from a multichannel record. With the mode-separation technique, therefore, a dispersion curve that possesses satisfactory accuracy can be calculated using a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. In this study, using synthetic models containing a dipping layer with a slope of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 degrees and a real-world example, we assess the ability of using high-resolution LRT to image and separate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from raw surface-wave data and accuracy of dispersion curves generated by a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that a dipping interface with a slope smaller than 15 degrees can be successfully mapped by separated fundamental waves using high-resolution LRT.     

软土层厚度对地铁车站结构地震反应的影响规律研究

为了明确软土层厚度对地铁车站结构地震反应的影响规律,本文中对常见的两层三跨岛式地铁车站结构侧向和底部地基中存在不同厚度软土层时9种软场地条件下地铁车站结构的地震反应进行了数值模拟分析。由本文和作者之前对软土层埋深影响地铁车站结构地震反应的共同研究结果来看：软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基时对地铁车站结构的抗震是非常不利的,尤其是软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基底部时最为不利,而当软土层位于地铁车站结构底部地基中时对其抗震性能一般是有利的,起到消能减震的作用;当软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基顶部时,随着软土层厚度的变大,对地铁车站结构抗震性能的影响越是不利且影响程度越大,而当软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基底部和底部地基中时,软土层厚度的变化对地铁车站结构抗震性能的影响规律并不具有很好的一致性。     

Restoring capability of bilinear hysteretic seismic isolation systems

The restoring capability (or re‐centering capability) is identified by the current design codes as a fundamental feature of seismic isolation systems. In this paper, the restoring capability of bilinear hysteretic or frictional seismic isolation systems is investigated in some detail. Certain energy considerations are examined first in order to provide insight into and reveal governing parameters on individual aspects of the problem. The restoring capability is then investigated through an extensive parametric study of smooth bilinear single‐degree‐of‐freedom hysteretic systems, with parameters covering a range of typical seismic isolation systems, subjected to a large group of recorded earthquakes. The results of the parametric analyses are processed statistically and regression analysis relations are derived that show the dependence of the residual displacement after the earthquake and the cumulative build up of displacements after a series of successive earthquakes on the governing parameters. Based on the analysis results, the features of the bilinear system that ensure sufficient restoring capability are identified. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海区前新生代残留盆地油气研究的综合地球物理技术

我国前新生代残留盆地油气资源的巨大潜力已为近年的一些勘探实践所证实,但是仍面临许多技术难题.本文介绍了近年在863计划支持下,针对残留盆地油气勘探难题所研究的一些方法与技术.其中包括针对我国海区残留盆地勘探目标的地震采集技术、基于弯曲射线的复杂构造叠前成像技术和残留盆地残余厚度提取技术等.这些技术已在我国海域进行了试验并取得了一定的成效.     

Statistical model on the surface elevation of waves with breaking

In the surface wind drift layer with constant momentum flux, two sets of the consistent surface eleva- tion expressions with breaking and occurrence conditions for breaking are deduced from the first in- tegrals of the energy and vortex variations and the kinetic and mathematic breaking criterions, then the expression of the surface elevation with wave breaking is established by using the Heaviside function. On the basis of the form of the sea surface elevation with wave breaking and the understanding of small slope sea waves, a triple composite function of real sea waves is presented including the func- tions for the breaking, weak-nonlinear and basic waves. The expression of the triple composite func- tion and the normal distribution of basic waves are the expected theoretical model for surface elevation statistics.     

Deep dynamical processes in the central-southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—Receiver functions and travel-time residuals analysis of north Hi-Climb

Teleseismic receiver functions and travel-time residuals along the north Hi-Climb broadband seismic array in the central-southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau show that the lithosphere structures in the central and western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are different. In the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Indian Plate is northward subducted beneath the Qiangtang block and arrives at the greatest depth beneath the central-southern Qiangtang block. The delaminated Indian lithospheric slab remains beneath the central Lhasa block to a depth possibly greater than that of the upper interface of the mantle transform zone. In the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Indian lithospheric plate is gently northward subducted and may have arrived to the south of Tarim plate. Due to the resistance from the gently northward subduction of the Indian mantle lithosphere in the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the upwelling mantle material be-neath the Qiangtang block moves mostly toward the east to bring about the lateral eastward flow of the deep mantle hot material in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.