无居民海岛功能定位初探

根据无居民海岛的自然属性和社会属性,考虑到海岛环境的特殊性、资源承载的有限性、空间开发功能的衍生性,以及与国家主体功能区规划和全国海洋功能区划的衔接性,从海岛开发适宜性和海岛可持续保护的角度,研究无居民海岛功能分类方法,构建海岛功能分类评价指标体系,确定海岛功能分类的适宜性评价因子及评价标准,并引入综合评判理论,量化指标因子,构建综合评判模型,在此模型的基础上,借助GIS技术实现无居民海岛功能定位。     

Movement patterns of an endemic South African sparid,the black musselcracker Cymatoceps nasutus,determined using mark-recapture methods

This study made use of data from three long-term fish tagging projects along the South African coastline to investigate the movement behaviour of the endemic black musselcracker Cymatoceps nasutus (Sparidae). From 1984 to 2016, a total of 3 430 C. nasutus (178–980 mm fork length) were tagged (with small plastic dart tags) throughout the species’ distributional range, with an overall reported recapture rate of 7.2%. Recaptured individuals displayed high levels of residency, moving an average of 14.8 km, with time-at-liberty ranging from 0 to 6 809 days. The majority of recaptures (84.6%) were made within 1 km of the tagging sites; however, some large-scale movements, of up to 528 km, were recorded. Although C. nasutus individuals moving greater distances were characterised by greater mean sizes (mm fork length) at time of recapture, the distances moved by juveniles were not significantly different from those of adults (p > 0.05). Low levels of connectivity among coastal regions were therefore expected due to the high degree of residency displayed by this species. Combining traditional management approaches together with a well-designed network of no-take marine protected areas is likely to be the most effective way to protect this vulnerable species. A lack of data on the movements of adults remains a challenge, but this could be overcome by tracking large individuals tagged with long-life acoustic transmitters.     

历史街区居民保护态度的影响因素分析——以福州“三坊七巷”历史街区为例

在对福州"三坊七巷"历史街区居民深入调查的基础上,运用Logit模型对历史街区内居民的保护态度的影响因素进行研究,认为居民的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、人均住房面积、住宅状况及居民对保护政策的知晓度对居民保护态度产生重要影响,而文化、收入、居住时长、工作状况、房屋性质对居民的保护态度影响不显著.在此基础之上对这些因素进行分析.最后,针对研究结果给出了实践启示,同时指出了研究中存在的不足和未来的研究方向.     

低碳住区水环境规划设计研究

从低碳住区规划设计的理念出发,总结低碳住区水环境的涵义,阐述住区水环境设计现状并指出国内住区水环境存在的问题.提出低碳住区水环境规划设计应采用分质给排水、中水、景观以及雨水回收水循环系统相结合的策略,保证低碳住区水环境的可持续发展.     

有居民海岛台风灾害评估指标体系研究

中国沿岸有居民海岛受台风影响极大,综合考虑台风对有居民海岛的各方面影响因素,基于自然灾害风险理论从致灾因素、承灾体脆弱性和防灾减灾能力3个方面选取29个指标,建立有居民海岛台风灾害评估指标体系框架,采用层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,并分析指标体系的特点和应用。通过指标权重的排序明确了影响有居民海岛台风灾害的关键因子,为有居民海岛台风灾害防御奠定了理论基础。     

Job Proximity and Accessibility for Workers of Various Wage Groups

This research proposes two indexes, job proximity and accessibility, to measure workers' location advantage by residences with respect to their job markets. Job proximity is designed to capture the spatial separation between residents and jobs. Job accessibility measures one's ability to overcome such separation as may be affected by transportation means, road network, congestion, and intensity of competition for jobs among workers. The research compares the two measures among workers of various wage levels in an attempt to reveal who has the greatest advantage in job access and whether job access is a spatial or nonspatial issue. In Cleveland in 1990, the mean wage rate of 30,000 was a critical turning point: below this level, the higher the mean wage rate in a residential area, the farther the area was away from jobs; above this level, the trend is reversed. In other words, below a wage threshold, workers tend to trade better and more spacious housing (usually farther away from jobs) for more commuting; but above the threshold, workers retreat for saving in commuting (pertaining to their high opportunity cost of commuting). Although low-wage workers enjoy better job proximity, many of them (particularly some inner-city residents) have the worst job accessibility because of their limited transport mobility as indicated by a low level of automobile ownership. Job proximity declines with distance from the CBD and conforms to the monocentric model, as does job accessibility but to a less degree. Since workers with various wages respond differently to job access, the distribution of mean wage rates in the metropolitan area is hardly monocentric.     

信息技术对城市居民出行特征的影响——以南京为例

信息技术在城市生产、生活与管理中的加速应用不仅促使城市空间结构正在发生转型,也影响了城市居民的活动空间特征。论文基于社会调查,以南京为例,考察了信息技术对城市居民交通出行行为特征的影响。总体而言,南京城市居民家庭在接入信息技术上已经有了长足的发展,接入互联网能力迈入快速增长期。但由于各城区间、各郊区间的信息接入能力存在显著差异,这必然会影响居民的出行行为。研究表明:在家办公的出现减少了日常的工作出行。信息网络对居民日常出行的引导作用日益突出,并出现了部分替代。城市居民家庭的交通通讯费用大幅增长,上网时间增长较快,而城区更为明显。     

乡村居民旅游支持度影响模型及机理——基于不同生命周期阶段的苏州乡村旅游地比较

基于地方感、可持续发展、居民参与以及利益相关者等理论,选择“地方感”、“环境态度”、“参与度”、“居民感知”和“支持度”5个结构变量,构建影响旅游地居民支持度结构关系模型,以不同生命周期阶段的3 个乡村旅游地(渔港村、旺山村、蒋巷村)为实证研究对象,对居民旅游支持度结构模型进行验证分析,并依据结构方程模型分析和因子分析,深入探讨不同生命周期阶段旅游地的居民支持度的影响机制。研究表明：①基本维度因素在不同生命周期阶段旅游地的居民支持度影响模型中所起的作用存在差异,起步阶段旅游地的“地方感”和“环境态度”对支持度起正向作用,而“参与度”对支持度没有产生影响;“地方感”、“环境态度”和“参与度”对迅速发展阶段和稳定发展阶段旅游地的支持度均产生正向作用。②“居民感知”在不同生命周期阶段旅游地的居民支持度影响机制中所发挥的中介作用存在差异,起步阶段旅游地的“居民感知”没起到中介作用;迅速发展阶段旅游地的“居民感知”对支持度产生负向中介作用;稳定发展阶段旅游地的“居民感知”对支持度起到正向中介作用。③二维影响因素在不同生命周期阶段旅游地的居民支持度影响机制中所起的作用存在差异：起步阶段旅游地的“地方认同”和“基本环境态度”;迅速发展阶段旅游地的 “地方认同”、“可持续性环境态度”和“表层参与”以及稳定发展阶段旅游地的“地方依赖”、“经济代价性环境态度”、“深度参与”和“正面影响感知”对支持度均产生显著正向影响。     

黑河中游甘州区居民文化类型及其对自然环境的认知

人的行为受文化价值观影响, 辨明居民不同文化类型及影响因素, 探讨不同文化类型居民的自然环境认知特征, 无疑是人地系统中人文因素作用研究的基础性问题.综述了文化人类学中格-群文化理论及其在不同领域的广泛应用; 开发调查问卷并对甘州区进行了实证调查, 初步判定了15个乡镇居民不同文化类型的比例, 分析了年龄、 教育程度、 收入等因素对文化类型的影响, 验证了甘州区各文化类型居民对自然环境认知的特征与理论分析的相符程度.结果表明: 在三类判定准则下, 甘州区居民文化类型有效判定比例分别为总调查样本的30.94%, 30.39%及54.70%, 各种文化类型比例由高到低分别为宿命论者、 等级主义者、 个人主义者与平均主义者.年龄等居民个体特征因素对文化类型的影响符合理论假设, 可初步解释居民不同文化类型的形成.实际调查获得的不同文化类型居民对自然环境的认知特征及偏好, 符合格-群文化理论对各文化类型居民的理论分析假设, 这验证了格-群文化理论在西北干旱区内陆河流域的适用与有效性.在此基础上探讨了关注居民文化类型差异对自然资源管理政策制定和实施的借鉴意义.     

东海磷酸盐的分布与再生

根据1994年海上观测资料讨论东海磷酸盐的分布。指出黑潮水与沿岸水有一明显界面，而黑潮次表层水在此西北部沿陆架涌升并使用平流一扩散模型探讨200～600m层磷酸盐的再生速率的范围和平均逗留时间。