Jerusalem – Figment of the imagination

Jewish tradition refers to the city of Jerusalem in both abstract and concrete terms, celestial Jerusalem and earthly Jerusalem. The two are intricately bound up with each other and Jerusalem, the eternal capital city of the Jewish people, derives its powerful mystique, from its original appearance in Jewish history, although Biblical Jerusalem, the ancient city surrounded by hills, and modern Jerusalem, the capital city of Israel, surrounded by satellite urban appendages, lack geographical congruity. In general, this is geo-politically relevant given the potent sensitivities that most Jews in Israel and elsewhere have for the symbolic value of their ancient capital. Significantly, most of the Arab inhabitants the capital city of Israel, are not Israeli citizens and the vast majority of them refuse to participate in municipal elections, even though Israeli law allows non-citizens who are permanent residents to vote in local elections. That Israel permits several countries to maintain separate consulates, in the western and eastern parts of Israel's capital, indicates Israel's implicit recognition of a dual status in Jerusalem. After the 1967 war, while careful to avoid using the formal language of annexation, Israel generally considered that east Jerusalem and some surrounding areas had become part of Israel, when by Basic Law: Jerusalem, the Capital City, it was declared to be the united and eternal capital of the State of Israel. This paper examines these political and legal developments.     

美国全球变化研究计划实施进展与研究展望

美国全球变化研究计划（USGCRP）自成立以来的10年中，取得了丰硕的研究成果，也面临新的挑战，列举了自1990年以来尤其是近几年来USGCRP的主要成果与贡献，其中在国家评估，厄尔尼诺－南方涛动的预测，全球温度记录，过去1000年中最温暖的时期，北美碳汇，温室气体增加与臭氧损耗，臭氧损耗评估，大气污染物的长距离输送，海洋分析，热带测雨卫星，雷达卫星，火灾监测，SeaWiFS，全球环境维息服务等方面取得的成绩尤为显著，剖析了USGCRP在未来10年中的研究目标及其研究重点和面临的挑战。     

Adapting visual methods: action research with Kampala street children

The paper examines the use of four visual 'action' methods for eliciting information from street children about their interactions with the socio-spatial environment. These methods were adapted and used to encourage child-led activities and minimize researcher input. The advantages and constraints associated with the successful implementation of visual methods with children are examined, followed by a brief examination of the 'real' and ethical considerations surrounding their use. The paper concludes that visual methods allow a high level of child-led participation in research, as well as providing a stimulus for eliciting further oral material.     

土壤梯度温度测定方法模拟试验研究

土壤梯度温度的测定 ,由于测定过程中造成土体结构和地面覆盖物破坏和挠动 ,都可能造成测值的偏离 ,不能反映原态土壤梯度温度的真实情况。采用插入式多温点梯级组合测温探头进行土壤梯度温度的测定 ,是一种实现土壤原态———原位测定的可行方法。     

Characteristics of tectonic deformation field about strike－slip earthquake－generating structure in the Chinese mainland

Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｆｉｅｌｄａｂｏｕｔｓｔｒｉｋｅ－ｓｌｉｐｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ－ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｍａｉｎｌａｎｄ环文林，张晓东，宋昭仪Ｗｅｎ－Ｌｉｎ...     

Play: The handmaiden of work

The natural habitat of geomorphologists is at play in the fields of the Lord. Picnics, not the work ethic, often motivate the most productive. As in the field, so too in the mind, creative insights derive from the play of ideas. As in much of science today, Earth scientists are called upon to ‘solve’ immediate problems, but problems whose solutions lie at the cutting edge of the research frontier. The impact of anthropogenic activities in the context of natural processes, the playground where many geomorphologists work, requires continuous reciprocal exchange between research and application. Apologies are not needed for choices of orientation, but only for destructive separation.     

中国地表热源的气候学特征

利用研制的地表热量平衡各分量的气候计算方法，结合全国６个热平衡站资料，计算并讨论了地表热源在全国的分布特征，分析了地面对大气加热的特点以及地表热源的参数化问题。指出季风气候背景、纬度、地形和地表湿润状况是决定地表热源特征的重要因素。就全年来说，在我国湿润、半湿润地区，潜热是地面加热大气的主要形式，西北干燥区则以感热加热为主。     

反转构造与造山带研究

反转构造的研究已成为造山带构造研究的一个重要内容。反转构造模拟和实践所得出的断层组合形态和形成顺序有助于对造山带及前陆褶皱和逆冲带的正确认识。由于张性断层的控制作用，６０年代中期发展起来的薄壳构造模式在现实中并不普遍适用，构造剖面的平衡恢复因此亦需加倍谨慎。在造山带研究中，还需注意反转构造与走滑构造之间的区分。     

地外撞击作用与地球灾变环境

撞击理论是美国物理学家Ａｌｖａｒｅｚ等（１９８０）根据白垩系－第三系（Ｋ／Ｔ）界线粘土层中发现的贵金属元素铱的异常所提出的。十几年过去了，科学家们围绕着这一理论开展了广泛的争论和多方面的研究，取得了不少成果。到目前为止，在世界各地白垩系－第三系界线上发现的异常已有百余处。不少地方还发现了冲击变质矿物和冲击层。研究还发现显生宙来以生物的大量绝灭和地外物体的撞击具有近乎一致的周期性，大约为２６Ｍａ。最     

钠长阳起片岩用于硅酸盐水泥生产的试验研究

钠长阳起片岩用于硅酸盐水泥生产具有液相出现早、物料反应能力强、可降低烧成温度等优点，可全部或绝大部分取代粘土、助熔剂、矿化剂以及铁矿石等配料，从而收到节能降耗、稳定和提高水泥质量、保护生态环境、节约矿产资源等方面的效果。由于其组成矿物与水泥石成分相近，且具有径长比较小等特点，当用做非活性混合材时，可起到结晶中心和“加筋”等协同增强作用，掺入量可达15～30％；生产的钠长阳起片岩混合水泥具有早强性能。