由GPS资料讨论中国大陆块体运动与应变模型的建立及检验

目前很多文献基于弹性力学假设,以小形变、均匀应变场为前提,利用GPS资料建立了中国大陆块体的整体旋转与均匀应变模型,并对模型进行了相关检验.但上述对模型的检验侧重从模型的拟合效果上进行分析和比较,忽略了对模型的适用性和假设条件合理性的检验.实际上,不同块体由于自身构造和外部条件的不同,其运动状况与应变状态并不完全一致,模型的适用性需进一步的验证.本文提出了两步检验方法对所建立的模型在中国大陆6个主要块体上进行了检验：第一步对应变参数进行显著性检验,第二步对应变均匀性进行检验,结果表明：根据所用数据精度,华南块体的刚性程度在95% 的置信水平上可以认为显著的,建立模型时不必考虑内部形变;其他块体内部形变显著,整体旋转与均匀应变模型并不能反映真实的地壳运动状态,必须考虑其形变的不均匀性.     

Investigating dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomena using methodology of computational geosciences: An example of equal-distant mineralization in a fault

This paper presents a research methodology associated with approximately a decade old computa- tional geosciences. To demonstrate how it can be used to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomenon, we use as an example the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits in a three-dimensional permeable fault within the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. The related numerical results demonstrate that: (1) convective pore-fluid flow in fluid-saturated porous media is the control- ling dynamic mechanism leading to the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits along the fault; (2) the main characteristic of the new methodology is to change the traditionally used empirical, descrip- tive and qualitative methodology into the fundamentally scientific principles based predictive and quantitative methodology. Thus, this new methodology provides a modern scientific research tool for investigating the dynamic mechanisms associated with observed geological phenomena in nature.     

从国家自然科学基金资助项目看喀斯特学科基础研究的发展

通过对国家自然科学基金资助的喀斯特基础研究项目分析,表明其资助对喀斯特基础研究的发展和研究队伍的培养都起到了重要支撑和导向作用。喀斯特基础研究项目的主题从最初的地质地貌和水文等逐步过渡到喀斯特生态环境问题及古环境和古气候重建等方面。而鉴于喀斯特基础研究的地域特点,不断加大的地区基金支持力度和资助额度应该有利于对喀斯特地域特色的生态环境和生物资源等的研究和保护。文章还就喀斯特基础研究中的石漠化问题的薄弱面进行了探讨,认为加强这些方面的资助必将对促进其科学问题的解决和为石漠化的治理奠定坚实科学基础。      

The dilemma of conducting research back in your own country as a returning student – reflections of research fieldwork in Zimbabwe

The research process is more like finding one's way through a complex maze. 'Home is where the heart is', but foreign students face a number of problems upon their return home to do research. This paper chronicles the dilemma of a Zimbabwean student conducting fieldwork for his UK-based doctoral studies in his own country. The dilemmas were critical in that the fieldwork was undertaken during the 'Zimbabwe crisis' and the inherent problems of researching government-related organisations. This has a bearing on any research process and invokes use of the etic/emic dilemma. This paper contributes to the gaps and growing literature on methods and techniques for conducting qualitative research in human geography.     

地理格网模型研究进展

地理格网系统起源于早期的制图研究,并发展成为表达复杂地理现象、综合分析自然与人文数据、模拟地理系统功能与行为的基本方法。地理格网系统的组成包括格元、格边和格点,格元代表了区域面状特征,格点确定了格元的基本位置和点状特征,格边用于度量格元间的通量关系。在现代地球测量技术驱动下,地理格网系统的功能从传统的地图定位框架与地理现象表达,进一步拓展出多源地理空间数据融合、地理综合分析等新功能。研究椭球空间下的地理格网系统构建模型、误差分布、地学计算等是地理格网系统研究的前沿和基础性科学问题。     

中国的韩国旅游研究进展与展望

自中韩正式建交以来,两国之间旅游交流的迅速发展促进了中国旅游学界对韩国旅游相关方面的研究.文章以中国知识资源总库的四个主要子数据库为基础检索了1994年以来发表在中国大陆与韩国旅游相关的研究文献,并通过内容分析法对此进行了系统的归纳、分析和总结,认为目前中国旅游学界对韩国旅游相关方面的研究主要集中在三个领域:韩国赴中国旅游市场分析与开发、韩国旅游业成功经验分析与借鉴以及中韩旅游交流与合作;存在三个主要问题:研究动机的行业推动性、研究方法的单一性和研究内容的肤浅性;在此基础上提出了一个中国的韩国旅游研究概念框架.指出了未来应进一步拓宽研究视角、深化研究内容,采取更加科学的方法重点研究韩国旅游者行为、中韩旅游区域合作与竞争等主题.     

中国城市空间拓展研究动态

本文在总结了近年来中国城市空间拓展在形态与模式、空间拓展机制、空间拓展动态模拟、空间拓展环境效应等多方面所取得的丰硕成果和研究进展的基础上,提出现阶段中国城市空间拓展研究的主要特点是采用定量化的研究方法,筛选城市空间拓展的驱动因素,应用遥感和地理信息系统获得城市空间拓展准确信息,在此基础上构建模型对不同时空尺度的城市空间拓展过程加以模拟,并对城市空间拓展引起的生态环境效应加以分析,以此开展相关理论研究工作。针对目前研究工作特点和存在的不足,本文认为,今后中国城市空间拓展的主要发展方向应是借助日臻完善的研究手段和方法,深入开展城市空间拓展合理性评价,构建定量化动态模型,协调城市空间用地的增量布局与存量调整,并加强与国外城市空间拓展的比较研究。     

对推进地震预测、预报工作的一些政策问题的讨论

推进地震预测、预报不能只是地震局工作的改进,国家对待地震预测、预报的工作必须有一个政策的调整。当前地震预测预报工作基本上沿用气象工作的模式,但地震预报和气象预报的水平完全不在一个水平上。地震预测预报工作要把科学研究放到首位,在地震工作的管理体制、财政体制方面都应有一个大的调整。     

A Review on Researches of Active Tectonics——History, Progress and Suggestions1

This paper reviews the history and progress of research on active tectonics in China and overseas. By giving a brief introduction on the history of active tectonic research in China and other countries, the paper sums up the process and development of quantitative investigation of active tectonics since the 1980s. The focus is on the main efforts and progress made in China on certain aspects of research, such as basic surveys and applied investigation of active tectonics, the study of theories related to regional active tectonics and their kinematics and geodynamics, surveys on coupling relations between deep and shallow structures, active fault surveys and prospecting and seismic hazard assessment in urban areas, as well as the efforts made using Quaternary geochronology. Furthermore, the paper looks back on Chinese quantitative investigation of active tectonics in China and sums up cognitions derived from studies on the determination of several basic and measurable parameters of active tectonics. These parameters include the length of fault and fault segmentation, coseismic slip and cumulative slip, fault slip rate, the sequence of paleoearthquake events and the time elapsed since the most recent event. At the same time, efforts and progress made in China on assessing the long-term seismic potential for active faults and evaluating the risk from potential active fault movement have been reviewed by summarizing research on developing theories, models, methods and the application of time-dependent seismic potential to prohabilistic assessment, magnitude estimation for potential earthquakes on active faults, and the forecast of potential risk caused by active fault movement. Finally, in consideration of the realities and problems in the research of active tectonics in China, the authors put forward several suggestions for issues worthy of more attention for further investigation in the future.     

Pressure-resistant instruments

Prospects of using case-free pressure-resistant instruments for geophysical work and marine research are briefly considered.