新农村建设村级土地利用规划研究进展

新农村建设促进了村级土地利用规划的开展。该文分析了村级土地利用规划的内涵,论述了国内村级土地利用规划的研究现状,指出目前村级土地利用规划编制存在缺乏理论研究、规划内容不统一、规划基础资料不足及缺少规划实施后评价等问题。小尺度研究将成为土地利用规划研究的总体趋势,未来应加大试点村的规划编制,深化村级土地利用规划的空间布局优化,推进村级土地利用规划理论体系和实践方法的完善和成熟,促成国家制定统一的规划规程。     

人工湿地的构建与应用

论述了人工湿地污水处理技术的机制和优势,阐述了人工湿地的构建和污水处理研究进展,表明人工湿地的污水处理效率与污染物的种类和污染程度、人工湿地的类型、湿地植物种类、基质类型、水力停留时间和水力负荷等密切相关.在中国,典型人工湿地有3种类型,分别为垂直流人工湿地、潜流式人工湿地和表面流人工湿地,主要用于处理来自化粪池、养殖...     

昆虫多样性：一个被忽略的全球性重要问题

昆虫不仅是世界上最多的物种,同时也对生态系统功能和全球经济有着十分重要的作用。因此,昆虫多样性的保护对全球来说都有着十分重要的意义。然而,昆虫多样性常被＂生物多样性＂研究者们所忽略, 昆虫多样性与植物、气候变化的关系更是不明确。本文对将来昆虫多样性的研究方向提出了几点建议,基于中国北部两大典型的森林生态系统——东北长白山地区和华北东灵山地区。这两大地区的植被和气候已经有长期并且完整的调查,而对于其中昆虫多样性的了解却不多。因此在这两个地区开展研究认识昆虫多样性格局和进一步分析昆虫和植物的关系具有重要的科学和应用价值。     

中国第三次北极科学考察走航路线上空黑碳气溶胶的观测研究

2008年7月至9月,中国第3次北极科学考察期间,在走航路线上利用黑碳仪对黄海-日本海-鄂霍次克海-西北太平洋-白令海-楚科奇海-加拿大海盆等海区上的黑碳气溶胶浓度进行连续观测,最北观测位置达85°21.3′N.观测结果显示,北冰洋是全航线黑碳浓度最低的海区,平均浓度为(5.3±3.7)ng/m3;在70°N以北的海区...     

六盘水市地质灾害现状调查及防治

六盘水市为地质灾害多、高发区,近年罕见的灾害性天气诱发隐患点大增,全市防治工作面临新的挑战.在对2010年地质灾害现状调查的基础上,分析和总结地质灾害特点及防治工作现状,并有针对性地提出了防治建议.     

Rheological properties of the upper mantle of Northern Eurasia and nature of regional boundaries according to the data of long-range seismic profiles

Deep seismic investigation carried out in Russia in long-range profiles with peaceful nuclear explosions allowed clarifying in details the structure of the upper mantle and the transition zone down to the depth of 700 km within the huge territory of old and young platforms of Northern Eurasia. Variability of horizontal heterogeneity of the upper mantle depending on the depth serves to qualitative estimation of its rheological properties. The upper part of the mantle to the depth of 80–100 km is characterized by the block structure with significant velocity steps of seismic waves at the blocks often divided by deep faults. This is the most rigid part of lithosphere. Below 100 km horizontal heterogeneity is insignificant, i.e., at these depths the substance is more plastic and not capable to retain block structure. On the lithosphere bottom at the depth of 200–250 km plasticity increase is observed as well but the zone of the lower velocities that might have been bound with the area of partial melting (asthenosphere) has not been found. These three layers with different rheological properties are divided by seismic boundaries presented by thin layering zones with alternating higher and lower velocities. At the specified depths any phase boundaries have been distinguished. These thin layering zones are assumed to form due to higher concentration of deep fluids at some levels of depths where mechanical properties and permeability of substance change. Insignificant number of fluids may result in appearance of streaks with partial or film melting at relatively low temperature—to the rise of the weakened zones where subhorizontal shifts are possible. According to seismic data in many world regions seismic boundaries are also observed at the depth of about 100 and 200 km; they may be globally spread. There are signs that areas of xenoliths formation and earthquake concentration, i.e., zones of high deformations, are confined to these depths.     

六盘水市煤炭资源开发利用结构调整与优化的探讨

六盘水市矿产资源丰富,尤以煤炭为主,但从目前煤炭资源开发利用现状来看,其结构布局尚欠合理,开发利用方式比较粗放,存在＂采富弃贫、大矿小开、一矿多开、技术落后、安全条件差、资源回收率低＂等现象,环境保护与恢复治理的难度也越来越大。为了提高煤炭资源开采利用效率,从规模结构、技术结构、产品结构三个方面提出了六盘水市煤炭资源开发利用结构调整与优化方法：要求新建矿山在30万t/a以上,最低服务年限不低于25年,将目前的小型煤矿山减少到125个;采用高新技术和先进技术,促进矿企产业升级;进行产品结构调整,改变采矿、选矿、冶炼方式,实现集约型经营。     

基于粮食安全战略下的浙江省耕地保有量研究

依据1996～2008年耕地面积与粮食产量数据,采用基于粮食安全的耕地需求量预测方法,选取总人口、粮播比例、粮食单产、复种指数和人均粮食年需求量5个指标,分析预测了2020年浙江省耕地需求量。预测结果表明,到2020年全省耕地保有量至少为204.9万公顷,由此可见,基于粮食安全的浙江省耕地保护任务的艰巨性,并提出了耕地资源利用与保护的对策建议。     

Review of China's scientific research progress in polar meteorology in the last 30 years

The Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive to global climate change; therefore, they are key regions of global climate change research. This paper, the progress in scientific investigations and research regarding the atmosphere in the polar regions over the last 30 years by Chinese scientists is summarized. Primary understanding of the relationship between the polar regions and global change, especially, the variations in time and space in the Antarctic and Arctic regions with respect to climate change is indicated. Operational weather forecasts for investigation of the polar regions have also been established. Moreover, changes in sea ice and their impact on the atmosphere of polar regions have been diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers and changes in the atmospheric ozone in the polar region has also been experimented. Overall, there has been great progress in studies of the possible impact of changes in the atmospheric environment of polar regions on circulation in East Asia and the climate of China.     

基于OSCAR需求指标对遵义市地面气象观测站网现状分析研究

基于观测系统能力分析和审查工具（OSCAR）选取各气象应用领域对地面观测要素的需求指标,对遵义市地面自动气象观测站网现状进行评估分析,提出相应规划思路,旨在提高地面自动气象站网优化布局,推进气地面象观测业务的高质量发展。