Water shortage and associated changes in organic nitrogen betweenPappophorum caespitosum(Gramineae) provenances

Three provenances ofPappophorum caespitosum, a forage native grass from the temperate arid region of Argentina, were studied to gain a physiological knowledge of the seasonal organic N status in response to adequate water supply and water stress conditions; and to assess the extent to which variations in the N status between these provenances arise under different water regimes. Plant part samples were analysed for free and bound organic N fractions. Water shortage resulted in a significant depression of plant growth in all provenances. Total N concentration declined along the annual cycle in both water treatments, but it was higher under water stress. The size of the free N pool was very large, suggesting that it may act like an osmoticum. Nitrogen use efficiency increases along the growing period, while the rate of N intake and the specific leaf N content decrease. Variability was found between provenances in most of the physiological and biochemical traits examined under both water regimes.     

奉献农业 发展学科——对黄秉维院士农业研究工作的认识

简述了黄秉维院士的农业研究工作的光辉历程,分析了黄秉维农业研究工作的特色,强调学习黄秉维的精神.     

元古宙蛇绿岩研究现状及其板块构造意义

在回顾元古宙蛇绿岩研究简史的基础上,对元古宙蛇绍岩的时空分布特征,岩石组合类型,变质作用程度,大地构造背景及源区地球化学制约等进行了系统总结,并就元古宙蛇绿岩的板块构造意义作了探讨。     

构造变质岩石地层的概念、单位命名系统及研究方法──以辽河岩群为例

在概要地讨论了辽河岩群基本地层学特征基础上,提出了构造变质岩石地层的概念,其含义为经强烈构造变形的中浅变质沉积（含火山沉积）岩系构成的岩石地层单位的一种类型。构造变质岩石地层单位是强变形、中浅变质沉积岩区１∶５万填图的基本填图单位。建议采用岩群、岩组、岩段等地层单位命名系统,强调了变形、变质、沉积综合研究方法。     

当前欧美海洋科学研究动态评析

重点介绍了当前欧美资助海洋科学研究的基本情况、优先资助领域和重要研究计划等,对欧美当前海洋科学研究的基本特点做了简要分析;并提出了我国下世纪初的海洋科学研究优先发展领域。     

遥感技术在全球环境变化研究中的作用

具有快速、多波段、周期性、大面积覆盖等观测能力的空间遥感技术,是全球环境变化研究中不可替代的重要手段。随着遥感技术在国际上的蓬勃发展,遥感技术在我国全球环境变化研究中也开始得到了广泛的应用。简述了遥感技术在我国土地覆盖、森林与草场、海洋调查与灾害监测方面的应用情况以及所取得的成果。这些研究为遥感技术在全球环境变化研究中的深入应用奠定了基础。     

湖泊水位资料与模型模拟恢复的6000年前全球湿润状况的对比研究

本项研究是ＰＭＩＰ（ＰａｌａｅｏｃｌｉｍａｔｅＭｏｄｅｌｉｎｇＩｎｔｅｒｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎＰｒｏｊｅｃｔ）国际合作项目中有关模型模拟与观测资料对比的一部分。模型试验对象是６０００ｙｒ．ＢＰ的全球湿润状况。模拟试验以检测太阳辐射变化对全球大尺度气候系统的影响为主要目的。观测资料是利用地质证据恢复的古湖泊水位变化,实际上是某一地区的有效降水（降水减蒸发）的变化。通过两者的比较发现,所有模拟试验均能重现６０００ｙｒ．ＢＰ在亚洲南部与非洲北部的湿润环境,从而证实了因太阳辐射变化导致的亚洲与非洲季风的增强。但模拟的季风增强无论是强度还是范围均小于地质记录。原因很可能是模拟试验中下垫面特征用“现代”的来处理。模拟试验对北半球夏季辐射增加造成的西风带北移及由此引起的中纬度地区的气候变化不够成功。绝大多数模拟对受洋流与海温影响较大的地区是失败的。主要原因可能是所有ＰＭＩＰ中的模拟试验都未考虑海洋的作用。     

地理学本科生科研训练体系的构建与实践

大学本科阶段是创新性人才培养的关键时期。北京师范大学地理学基地一直在努力探索本科生早期科研训练的机制、模式与途径,以研究性教学和教学科研互动的新理念,依托基地所拥有的国家、教育部和北京市重点实验室、国家一级重点学科、国家级科学研究和教学研究项目等丰富的科研资源和院士、长江学者、杰出青年基金获得者、教学名师等高水平的首席导师+教学团队师资,建立并完善本科生科研立项制度,构建多学科平台、多元模式、多阶段的阶段-学科-能力三维体系的因材施教的科研训练体系。     

A new soil freeze/thaw discriminant algorithm using AMSR‐E passive microwave imagery

The soil freeze–thaw controls the hydrological and carbon cycling and thus affects water and energy exchanges at land surface. This article reported a newly developed algorithm for distinguishing the freeze/thaw status of surface soil. The algorithm was based on information from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Enhanced (AMSR‐E) which records brightness temperature (Tb) in the afternoon and after midnight. The criteria and discriminant functions were obtained from both radiometer observations and model simulations. First of all, the microwave radiation from freeze–thaw soil was examined by carrying out experimental measurements at 18·7 and 36·5 GHz using a Truck‐mounted Multi‐frequency Microwave Radiometer (TMMR) in the Heihe River of China. The experimental results showed that the soil moisture is a key component that differentiates the microwave radiation behaviours during the freeze–thaw process, and the differences in soil temperature and emissivity between frozen and thawed soils were found to be the most important criteria. Secondly, a combined model was developed to consider the impacts of complex ground surface conditions on the discrimination. The model simulations quite followed the trend of in situ observations with an overall relation coefficient (R) of approximately 0·88. Finally, the ratio of Tb18·7H (horizontally polarized Tb at 18·7 GHz) to Tb36·5V was considered primarily as the quasi‐emissivity, which is more reasonable and explicit in measuring the microwave radiation changes in soil freezing and thawing than the spectral gradient. By combining Tb36·5V to indicate the soil temperature variety, a Fisher linear discrimination analysis was used to establish the discriminant functions. After being corrected by TMMR measurements, the new discriminant algorithm had an overall accuracy of 86% when validated by 4‐cm soil temperature. The multi‐year discriminant results also provided a good agreement with the classification map of frozen ground in China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大学校园建设规划的研究——成都信息工程学院校园规划建设探讨

以现代高等教育理念和现代教育核心精神为指导思想,根据高等教育扩招和新校区建设的需要,结合成都信息工程学院的实际,提出了新校区校园规划建设的方案和实施步骤,同时系统地阐述了校园建设及管理的新思路.综合分析了大学校园建设的指导思想,校园基础设施建设,校园文化建设,校园管理制度建设等方面问题.