矢量地图数据数字水印抗拼接算法

地图拼接是矢量地图数据中的一种常见处理方式。为了正确提取水印信息,需要从拼接后的地图中确定出水印嵌入区域。利用水印嵌入后坐标点尾部数据分布发生变化的特点,提出了一种基于分布拟合检验的抗拼接算法。该算法利用四叉树算法将地图分成多个区域,然后利用单样本K-S检验判断每个区域内的坐标点尾部数据是否服从均匀分布,最终确定出水印嵌入区域。实验表明,该算法能够达到提取水印嵌入区域的目的。     

Changeability of Movable Bed‐Surface Particles in Natural,Gravel‐Bed Channels and Its Relation to Bedload Grain Size Distribution (Scott River,Svalbard)

The presented paper analyses the variability of grain size distribution parameters of bedload transported by the gravel‐bed Scott River (Svalbard) draining a glacier catchment with an area of 10 km². The grain size distribution analysis is one of the basic elements of identification of the fluvial transport mechanisms in gravel‐bed rivers. It is used for the determination of threshold values for bedload movement. It is also treated as an important indicator of the origin, routes of distribution, and conditions of transport and deposition of fluvial bedload. The field study in a natural proglacial gravel‐bed channel was carried out at two reaches in the mouth section of Scott River. The study revealed relatively high temporal variability and similar mean parameters of grain size distribution in conditions of low discharges. Bedload transport rates reached a mean of 71.9–76.0 kg d^?1 in channel cross‐section. Bedload texture was dominated by gravels with a proportional contribution of the fine‐grained fraction along with very fine‐grained gravels (8‐2 mm) of 38.8%. The medium‐grained fraction (16‐8 mm) constituted 33.7%, with a lower contribution from the coarse‐grained fraction (32‐16 mm) of 23.2%, and the very coarse‐grained fraction (64‐32 mm) of 4.4%. Two periods in the course of bedload transport and distribution of grain size distribution parameters were distinguished based on variation of hydro‐meteorological conditions. The first half of the measurement period was distinguished by significantly higher values of daily loads and increased contribution of the coarse‐grained and very coarse‐grained fraction (28–31% and 6.2–6.6%, respectively). During this time, the river discharged up to 94% of bedload. This resulted in a clear tendency for riverbed scouring. The second half was distinguished by generally low daily bedload transport rates (<10 kg d^?1), an increase in contribution of fine‐ and very fine‐grained gravels (42–55.6%), and a change in the tendency to aggradation. Grain size indices were more varied, and grains were usually finer and better sorted. Selective transport processes, often related to redeposition, were dominant in the channel. Along with an increase in flow velocity, conditions for material deposition became more variable. This was manifested in weaker sorting and an increase in grain diameter.     

Characteristics and Altitudinal Distribution of Periglacial Decay Phenomena in the Massif of Rondane,Central Norway

The Norwegian massif of Rondane is part of the Scandes Mountains and is subject to polar, oceanic and continental influences. Because of its climatic context and its quartzitic structure, the massif has one of the thickest functional periglacial belts in Europe (1200 m). This belt is not fixed considering its translation in altitude since the end of the Little Ice Age. This mobility is continuing and involves periglacial decay dynamics which are revealed by numerous and various periglacial forms in the field. Because of their frequency in the massif and also their sensitivity to climate fluctuations, earth patches and small non‐sorted circles have a diagnostic value for current periglacial climate fluctuations. The major aim of this study is to propose several indicators of this periglacial decay and to highlight its consequences on periglacial belt mobility because these landforms enable the delimitation of a critical belt of decay in the massif.     

少数民族地区古城镇城址空间分布关系与地形特征研究——以湘西老司城遗址为例

少数民族地区古城镇城址空间分布关系对现今城镇化研究有一定的启示作用。选取湘西土家族老司城遗址作为研究对象,采用GIS技术对老司城遗址的城址空间分布关系及其主要地形因子做了定量研究,并在此基础上进行了定性研究。老司城遗址选址考虑山地地形特征,建筑尽量不破坏自然景观,注重融入自然环境,集约利用资源,是山地生态城镇的典范。     

河南省老龄人口的空间分布及变动

根据人口普查数据资料,运用数理统计分析方法对河南省老龄人口的分布及其变动、人口密度及其变化趋势等进行分析。河南乡村老龄人口仍占多数,但其分布重心正逐步向城镇转移;各地区老龄人口规模相差较大且分异明显,同时,地区间老龄人口密度差异悬殊,增长变化差距很大;老龄人口分布虽存在地区差异,但发展变化总的趋势是人口老龄化、高龄化加速发展,养老服务需求增大。建立科学合理的社会养老服务体系是当前应对人口老龄化、保障和改善民生的必然要求。     

青藏高原河谷地区历史时期耕地格局重建方法探讨——以河湟谷地为例

青藏高原受其特殊自然地理环境条件的限制,耕地主要分布在自然环境条件相对优越的河谷地区,人为因素对耕地分布范围的作用和影响极其微弱,尤其是在历史时期生产力水平较低的前提下,耕地的空间分布主要取决于土地的宜垦程度。本文将影响青藏高原河谷地区耕地分布的因子按其性质分为限制性因子和非限制性因子,并以此为基础排除了高原河谷地区不适宜耕作的地区,在适宜耕作的地区根据土地的宜垦程度,按"先优后劣"的原则将历史时期的耕地数据分配到空间上。选取青藏高原农业发展历史悠久的河谷地区之一河湟谷地作为实例,重建该区1726年耕地空间格局。将重建结果与已有的M模型重建结果进行对比分析,两者重建的耕地在空间分布上呈现出一致性,但重建结果在垦殖范围与垦殖强度上存在一定的差异;M模型的重建主要是以现代耕地分布格局为基础重建,忽略了现代耕地空间分布受现代农业技术的影响;而本文模型则是从低生产力水平前提下影响历史时期耕地分布的因子出发,重建结果更具合理性。     

基于SLM模型的中国碳排放格网化空间分布模拟

以美国橡树岭国家实验室二氧化碳信息分析中心的中国碳排放数据、统计年鉴中的分省化石能源消费与水泥产量数据为基础,选取NDVI植被指数、DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据、GDP、工业总产值、人口5个指标,对中国2000年及2010年的分省碳排放结果采用5km×5km格网,运用空间滞后回归模型(SLM)进行空间分布模拟,并对空间模拟结果进行误差分析及纠正,获得2000年及2010年地均碳排放强度空间分布图。结果表明,中国地均碳排放强度存在以下特征:区域差异分布特征明显,主要表现为从东部地区向中西部地区逐渐变小;存在几个明显高值热点及低值冷点区域;随着时间的推移,地域差异特征越发明显,冷点和热点区域分布特征更加显著;2010年各地区地均碳排放强度明显大于2000年。     

Experimental study of the effects of non-uniformly distributed fine soil on mechanical properties of Shenyang–Dandong Railway coarse-grained soil

The stress produced by repeated train loads decreases with increasing railway subgrade bed depth, and slightly weathered coarse particles of subgrade bed fillings can be broken at different levels under continuous load. Thus, the mass of fine soil, with a diameter of not more than 0.075 mm, is different at different depths. Fine soil is also sensitive to frost heave and thaw settlement. In order to study the effects of non-uniformly distributed fine soil on the mechanical properties of coarse-grained soil of the Shenyang-Dandong Railway, triaxial tests were conducted with three types of specimens, undergoing six freeze-thaw cycle numbers(0, 1, 3, 7, 9, 12) and three confining pressures(100, 200, 300 k Pa). The freezing temperature is-5 °C and the thawing temperature is +15 °C. The stress-strain behavior, static strength, resilient modulus, cohesive force and the angle of internal friction were measured for different tested specimens. As a result, the law of static strength and resilient modulus of different specimens following the increase of freeze-thaw cycles under three confining pressures is obtained. The changing law of cohesive force and friction angle of three specimens following the increase of freeze-thaw cycles is also calculated, and the different results of different specimens are also compared.     

基于势函数点分布调整的SIFT图像配准算法

尺度不变特征转换(scale invariant feature transform,SIFT)是一种广泛应用于图像配准领域的点特征提取算法。针对基于SIFT的图像自动配准算法存在的特征点分布不均匀问题,提出了一种基于势函数点分布调整的图像配准方法。该方法解决了SIFT算法不能针对特征点的分布情况进行优化的问题。通过调整SIFT的比值阈值,增加配准点的数目;通过引入分子力学中的势函数概念,对特征点分布情况进行优化;通过局部互信息精纠正,微调特征点位置,以提高特征配准点的配准精度;最终实现高质量(空间分布均衡,配准精度高)的图像自动配准。     

西藏大冈底斯北部金属矿床成矿系列研究

依据近年西藏自治区矿产资源大调查的资料与西藏自治区矿产资源潜力评价研究获得的系统、详细的矿产资源资料,编写论述了西藏大冈底斯北部(包括班公湖-怒江成矿带、北冈底斯成矿带、中冈底斯成矿带三个成矿带)的矿产地质特征及成矿分布规律与成矿系列。班公湖-怒江成矿带包括燕山早期(洋盆形成时期,如东巧铬矿)及燕山中晚期(陆内俯冲挤压时期,如屋索拉金矿)岩浆作用有关矿床成矿系列和那曲-洛隆盆地与喜马拉雅期流体作用有关(如纳多弄铅矿)矿床成矿系列;北冈底斯成矿带矿床主要分布在申扎—嘉黎一线的北部地区(亦称冈底斯北矿带),包括玉古拉镍矿(燕山早期,岩浆岩型)、舍索铜矿(燕山中晚期,矽卡岩型为主)、尤卡朗-昂张铅矿(燕山中晚期,热液型为主)、俄龙呷砷矿(燕山晚期—喜马拉雅早期,流体-改造型为主)四个地区不同类型矿床成矿系列;中冈底斯成矿带包括近东西向两个成矿亚带,北边为革吉-雄巴-文部成矿亚带燕山中晚期(如尕尔铜金矿)及狮泉河-申扎弧-盆系演化期岩浆热液成矿作用的矿床成矿系列,南边为朗久-塔诺错-纳木错成矿亚带喜马拉雅中晚期(如甲岗钨钼铋矿)岩浆热液成矿作用的矿床成矿系列。