试用极轨气象卫星遥感监测土壤墒情

讨论了用极轨气象卫星资料监测表层土壤湿度的方法。在建立土壤湿度与卫星遥感资料的关系时，为了消除土壤条件的影响，把全省分为４个区域来研究。考虑了气候条件，植被状况不同的影响，并给出了简单的订正方法，同时也给出了卫星资料的重新地理校正，资料的输出及存储方法等。     

A comparison of the early diagenetic environment in intertidal sands and muds of the Manukau Harbour,New Zealand

The early diagenetic environment of intertidal sandy sediments (sands) and muddy sediments (muds) is described and compared from two cores taken from an unpolluted part of the Manukau Harbour, New Zealand. Extraction techniques characterized the form of the trace elements (Fe, Mn, S, C, Pb, Zn, Cu) at different depths in the sediment. Dissolved forms of Fe, Mn, and S were measured in interstitial water. Nonresidual metal concentrations, humic acid, FeS, and FeS₂ are an order of magnitude higher in the muds than in the sands because of dilution by unreactive sand particles. Muds contain a larger proportion of metals in the mobile fractions; exchangeable (Mn), carbonate (Mn, Fe, Zn), and easily-reducible oxide (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb). This is due to greater surface area (for Mn adsorption); the favorable conditions for MnCO₃, FeCO₃, and FeS precipitation; and higher concentrations of easily reducible iron oxide and humic acid. Therefore, compared to the sands, muds are more important as reservoirs for toxic metals, both in terms of quantity and availability. At either site there was very little difference between the forms of Zn, Pb or Cu identified by sequential extraction as sediments changed from oxic to anoxic conditions. One reason for this is that the amounts and proportions of some of the important components that bind metals, viz., amorphous iron hydrous oxides, humic acids, and FeS₂, do not change much. Other components that do change with redox conditions, for example, manganese phases and FeS, are only minor components of the sediment. Redox conditions, then, have relatively little effect on trace-metal partitioning in the sediment matrix of these unpolluted sediments.     

形变信息预报地震最佳方案的提取

在原来工作的基础上①②［７］，对拟合、滑动外推、聚类分析、模糊综合评判等各个环节做了适当的改进．同时，引入概率统计中的有关知识．选择一个相对最佳评判方案，用京、津、唐地区流动点短水准，短基线资料进行了地震预报的研究，为用形变资料经过评判统计进行地震预报提供了一种可能性。最后，以讨论的方式给出了应用实例．     

L1相关速度谱

本文提出了L_p相关的基本概念、定义及性质。特别分析了P=1的L₁相关与普通相关不同的特点,并将之应用于地震信号速度谱分析。本文分析了速度信息寄载于地震记录中的基本特点,并采用L₁相关技术进行速度分析。结果表明,它比普通相关及符号位相关能更充分地提取地震信号中的速度信息,从而提高速度谱的质量和抗干扰能力。L₁相关不用乘法运算,因而大大减少了运算量。 使用新方法和普通方法对理论模型和实际地震信号进行对比研究,结果说明新方法的改善效果是明显的。     

微机遥感图像应用处理系统

本文详细介绍了我们研制的微机遥感图像应用处理系统。它的硬件部分以四台微机为主,采用分布式联接,组成四个子系统,可供1—4人同时操作,能方便地输入输出多种数据和图像。该系统的软件部分,由对应硬件子系统的四个软件包组成,即磁带机数据采集软件包,图像显示软件包,专题制图软件包及遥感应用处理软件包。作为重点的第四部分软件,是在遥感应用工作者的经验和工作方法的基础上设计的,它收集和综合了各种实用处理方法,比通用的图像处理软件包更具有遥感应用的特色。     

地图信息的拓扑检索

从本质上看,地图数据处理是一种拓扑变换,即在连续变形(处理)中要保持数据中所内函的不变性(结构特征)。当数据处理系统由拓扑关系所充实与制导时,其智能程度就大为增强,可使其由线性处理演变为非线性处理(关联处理)。根据物体间邻接与关联的强烈程度,可把拓扑关系分为两大类:确定型与模糊型。前者原则上用显式表示,后者则宜用隐式表示。两种表示方式作了简要的对比,並强调隐式结构有着经济性与灵活性的主要优点。同时还强调指出,在建库过程中拓扑信息的人工输入应趋于最少。地理信息的检索可分为两类:常规检索与拓扑检索。对于前者,检索的依据是物体本身的标志,如定性检索与定位检索;而对于后者,检索的依据是物体集合之间的空间关系(如邻接关系、关联关系和包含关系)。实现以常规检索为基础的间接拓扑检索,其实质就是用程序的手段把隐含在数据结构中的所求的拓扑关系借助于两个倒排文件(标题索引与栅格索引)予以显式化。文末介绍了三种典型的间接拓扑检索:基于点集合的拓扑检索,基于线集合的拓扑检索和基于面集合的拓扑检索。     

航摄底片信息容量的确定

为了定量地分析航摄底片的信息容量,本文在影象数字化的基础上,从理论上分析信息容量的估算公式,监重点研究用“比特分割”的方法确定其有效的比特数。     

多因素模糊综合评价预测油气田远景区的研究

在ＧＩＳ支持下，本文设计了“分层建模，逐层评价，综合预测”的新思路，新方法，研究和建立了物、化探数字异常模型、多因素直接加权模型，多因素模糊综合评价预测模型。这对全面揭示各种异常分布特征与隐伏油气田和地质构造的，对指导生产、辅决策、确定油气田远景提供了很有前景的手段。     

Spatial variability in soil moisture as predicted from airborne thematic mapper (ATM) data

In the first part of this project, the extent to which moisture content of alluvial soils could be predicted from imagery derived from an airborne thematic mapper (ATM) was investigated. From sampling done on the same day as the flight, it was found that digital numbers derived from the thermal channel (waveband 11) were strongly correlated with gravimetric moisture content. From sampling three fields of contrasting land cover, the relationship between waveband 11 values and moisture content was found to be independent of land cover type. Spatial variation in waveband 11 values and thus moisture content were related to palaeochannel patterns on the alluvial land. This was investigated by deriving variograms for long transects from each of the three investigated fields. The range and sills of the variograms are shown to express the nature and pattern of palaeochannels. By the application of such geostatistical techniques, high resolution imagery can thus be used to quantify palaeochannel characteristics on alluvial land.     

安徽淮北地区金刚石综合信息研究及成矿预测

通过地质、物探、化探、重砂、遥感等多种信息的综合研究与有机关联，从三度空间划出了该区的基本构造格架，揭示了构造与异常的关系，总结了断裂控矿（化）的基本规律，采用“专家量化法”与“特征分析法”相结合，进行矿产资源预测，取得了明显效果。该法对我国矿产地质研究程度不高地区的成矿预测，具有借鉴意义。