大别山高压?超高压片麻岩核?边结构锆石成因探讨*

大别山高压?超高压片麻岩中的锆石在阴极发光(CL)显示核?边结构：韵律环带的岩浆锆石核,较强发光的变质边。本文对核?边结构的锆石进行了包裹体、微区U?Pb年龄和微量元素研究。结果表明变质边由两种不同的机制形成：变质重结晶和变质增生。变质重结晶锆石的U?Pb年龄和稀土总量逐渐降低,稀土配分模式不变。变质增生锆石比变质重结晶锆石具有更低Th/U比值,重稀土严重亏损,Eu负异常不明显,低的Nb、Ta含量。     

北喜马拉雅穹隆带然巴韧性剪切带石英动态重结晶颗粒的分维几何分析与主要流变参数的估算

位于北喜马拉雅穹隆带东段的然巴构造穹隆外围发育环形韧性剪切带,带内岩石经韧性剪切形成各类糜棱状岩石。石英为带内变形岩中最为常见的造岩矿物,在不同的温度、应变速率下产生不同的显微构造,其中动态重结晶最为常见。重结晶新晶颗粒边界普遍具有锯齿状或港湾状结构,是应变和变形环境的天然记录。新晶粒分维几何统计分析表明:带内动态重结晶石英颗粒边界形态具有自相似性(1≤D≤2),表现出分形特征,分维数值为1.14～1.19,变形温度大约500℃。同构造变质环境属中——高绿片岩相;初步估算古应变速率可能低于10^-9.5S^-1;根据重结晶粒径估算变形古应力6.2～58.8MPa。     

Continental impact on marine boundary layer coarse particles over the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and Antarctica

Aerosol samples were collected in the Atlantic marine boundary layer between the English Channel and Antarctica during November–December 1999. The composition of coarse (aerodynamic diameter 1–3 μm) individual aerosol particles was studied using the SEM/EDX method. The major particle types observed were fresh sea salt, sea-salt particles reacted partly or totally with sulphuric acid or nitric acid, Mg-sulphate, Ca-sulphate, mixed aluminosilicates and sea salt, aluminosilicates, Ca-rich particles and Fe-rich particles. The relative fractions of sea-salt particles with moderate or strong Cl depletion were high near the coasts of Europe (65–74%) and Northern Africa (44–87%), low far from the coast of Western Africa (10–20%) and very low in remote sea areas between Africa and Antarctica (1%). The Cl depletion was strongest when air masses arrived from the direction of anthropogenic pollution sources. The fractions of Mg-sulphate particles were high (18–25%) in 2 samples near Europe. The Mg-sulphate particles were probably formed as a result of fractional recrystallization of sea-salt particles in which Cl was substituted by sulphate. It remained unclear whether these particles were formed in the atmosphere or during and after sampling. The relative fractions of particles from continental sources were quite low (10–15%) near Europe, very high (25–78%) near the coast of Northwestern Africa and very low in the remote sea areas (0–2%). Most of the continental particles were aluminosilicates and some of them were internally mixed with sea salt. Near the coast of Northwestern Africa, the main source of aluminosilicates was Saharan dust, and near the Gulf of Guinea, emissions from biomass burning were also mixed with aluminosilicates and sea salt.     

Syndeformational fluid trapping in quartz: determining the pressure-temperature conditions of deformation from fluid inclusions and the formation of pure CO2 fluid inclusions during grain-boundary migration

Abstract Observations and microthermometric data on fluid inclusions from a terrane that underwent deformation following peak metamorphic conditions show that grain-boundary migration recrystallization favours the entrapment of carbonic inclusions whereas microfracturing during brittle deformation favours the infiltration and eventual entrapment of aqueous fluids. Our results imply that pure CO₂ fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks are likely to be the residue of deformation-recrystallization process rather than representing a primary metamorphic fluid.
Where the temperature of deformation can be deduced by other means, the densities of fluid inclusions trapped during recrystallization, which we call recrystallization-primary fluid inclusions, can be used to constrain the ambient pressure during deformation. Using these constraints, the data imply that the post-metamorphic Hercynian exhumation in Sardinia brought rocks at 300° C to within 3km of the surface. This conclusion is similar to that described for the rapidly uplifted Southern Alps in New Zealand.     

Metamorphic effect on zircon Lu-Hf and U-Pb isotope systems in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite-facies metagranite and metabasite

The Hf isotope composition of original igneous or detrital zircons in high-grade metamorphic rocks can be used to trace protolith origin, but metamorphic effect on the Hf isotope composition of newly grown domains remains to evaluate. We report a detailed in situ combined study of intragrain U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircons from granitic gneiss and eclogite in the Dabie orogen of China that experienced ultrahigh-pressure eclogite-facies metamorphism. The results show correlations in ²⁰⁶Pb / ²³⁸U age, initial Hf isotope composition, and Th / U and Lu / Hf ratios between the domains of different origins. The metamorphic domains are characterized by low Th / U and Lu / Hf ratios but high ?_Hf(t) values relative to the igneous core and mantle of pre-metamorphic ages. Positive correlations are observed between Th / U and Lu / Hf ratios, pointing to the similar effect of metamorphism on both U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systems. Thus the metamorphic domains are distinguished from the igneous core and mantle by their low Lu / Hf ratios that are less than 0.001 for the granitic gneiss and less than 0.0001 for the eclogite. Despite differences in both protolith age and geochemical source between granitic gneiss and eclogite, rim ?_Hf(t) values are variably 3.1 to 13.5 greater than core ?_Hf(t) values when calculated at timing of protolith formation. This indicates that the zircon overgrowth was associated with a metamorphic medium that has high ¹⁷⁶Hf / ¹⁷⁷Hf but low ¹⁷⁶Lu / ¹⁷⁷Hf ratios. While the metamorphic domains contain more radiogenic Hf isotopes than the original igneous core and mantle, their Lu / Hf ratios are significantly lower than those of core and mantle. Therefore, the metamorphic zircons acquired their initial Hf isotope ratios from metamorphic fluids that have high ¹⁷⁶Hf / ¹⁷⁷Hf ratios but low Lu / Hf ratios with sound variability depending on the Lu-Hf isotope compositions of pre-existing and co-precipitating phases.     

变质锆石拉曼光谱研究--以大别造山带为例

对大别山的道士冲辉石岩、双河榴辉岩和碧溪岭石榴橄缆岩的锆石进行了激光拉曼探针，阴极发光（CL）观察和U、Th等微量元素的微区分析及U－Pb同位素测定，发现锆石拉曼光谱波数和半高宽都能指示其蜕晶化程度，但对于高度蜕晶化锆石，波数已经不再完全适用，而只能通过其特征谱峰半高宽来确定。碧溪岭石榴橄榄岩锆石微区微量元素和拉曼探针分析发现，半高宽和Th/U比正相关，这是由岩浆锆石在变质过程中不同程度的固态重结晶作用造成的，其可能曾经遭受过约220Ma的热事件扰动。双河榴辉岩锆石则可能遭受了流体参与下的变质重结晶作用的影响。锆石重结晶作用是变质岩中锆石年龄和化学组成变化的主要原因。     

伸展作用过程中石英变形与重结晶的微观机制

在伸展作用过程中，石英的变形主要表现为三种不同类型变形石英的出现：SGR-R型以中高温条件下的亚颗粒旋转与动态重结晶为主要特点；GBM-R型以中低温条件下的局部颗粒边界迁移与重结晶过程为主；FC型以低温条件下破裂和碎裂作用为主要特点。三种石英变形类型及其变形机制主要受三方面的影响：区域伸展环境的存在；伸展抬升作用过程中变化的p-T条件；变形岩石中的微量流体的参与。     

石英构造矿物学

石英属遍在性矿物，它在各种构造中常出现特殊的构造矿物学现象，这对于正确判断构造性质，构造几何学和构造动力学都有极好的效果。该文是作者多年科研成果和积累资料的总结。主要讨论了石英族矿物的变形，动态恢复重结晶，结构异常，化学变化和特征，识别标志，构造环境及标型意义。     

砂金的汞齐化增生假说

根据黑龙江省砂金及与之有关的岩金的详细研究结果,认为该区砂金主要是碎屑成因,但亦可能存在另一种生长机制,即汞齐化增生。列举了金与汞共生的地球化学、矿物学、地质学证据,论述了汞齐化增生的主要内容,即焊接、熔解及重结晶机制。     

Microstructures and evolution of folds in SC-mylonites from Dudatoli-Almora crystallines of Garhwal Himalaya

In the Lesser Garhwal Himalaya, the North Almora Thrust separates the overlying medium-grade Dudatoli-Almora crystallines of Precambrian age from the unmetamorphosed to partly metamorphosed rocks of the Garhwal Group of Late Precambrian age. The crystalline nappe sheet consists of flaggy to schistose quartzites, granite gneisses and garnetiferous mica schist members in an ascending order. In different localities. different members of the Dudatoli-Almora crystallines are exposed along the thrust plane. Southwest of Adbadri fine-grained mylonitized schistose quartzites of Dudatoli-AImora crystallines are in contact with the underlying metabasites of the Garhwal Group. The mylonitized schistose quartzites consist of alternating thick (1 to 2m) quartzite and thin (10 to 20cm) micaceous quartzite bands. The micaceous quartzites can be further differentiated into alternating quartz-rich (0-5 to 2.0 cm thick) and mica-rich (0.2 to 1.0 cm thick) layers. In the quartzites the C-surfaces are parallel to the S-surfaces defined by the alternating quartz-rich and mica-rich layers. Further, the S-surfaces exhibit almost similar folds with multiple wavelengths where the axial planes are nearly parallel and enveloping surfaces are oblique to the lithological layering. The evolution of these folds has been envisaged in three phases of deformation on the basis of field evidence, fold geometry and microstructures. During the first phase buckle folds (F ₁) developed in thin micaceous quartzite layers. whereas thick quartzite bands underwent only layer parallel shortening. During the second phase the stress orientation changed and the limbs ofF ₁ folds were folded (F ₂). During the third phase of deformation which coincided with thrusting, the rocks were sheared, mylonitized and developed microstructures exhibiting dynamic recrystallization by the processes of subgrain rotation, and continual and discontinuai grain boundary migration. This phase was also responsible for the development of C-surfaces parallel to the lithological layering. Further, in the folded micaceous quartzite layers shearing resulted in the development of C-surfaces parallel to the axial planes ofF ₂ folds.