基于Google Earth的遥感影像数据资料归档系统

将Google Earth应用于遥感影像数据资料归档系统中,是一种新的遥感资料归档方法,能将归档的成果文件整合,克服了传统归档方式不能快速查看数据效果、位置、属性信息的缺点,很好地适应了信息化工作程序对图像数据库的快速响应的要求.ARCGIS补充了Google Earth薄弱的空间分析功能.系统再联合EXCLE表件,方...     

区块链技术在全国地质灾害风险预警系统建设中的应用探索

2019年以来,自然资源部全面推进普适型设备研发与地质灾害自动化监测预警工作,截至2023年6月,已在17个地质灾害重点防治省份的5.5万处隐患点推广应用,全国地质灾害风险预警系统也进入了快速发展阶段。目前,系统每日接收监测数据超千万,在海量数据存储管理、时序数据并行处理、大数据智能分析和多参数风险预警等方面取得积极进展。然而,系统在数据安全方面仍存在诸多挑战,尤其是在数据一致性、数据防篡改和系统可靠性等方面有较大提升空间。文章在系统研究区块链技术特点及其在相关领域典型应用的基础上,提出基于分布式账本技术和共识机制的“可信数据流”建立方法,依此形成“区块链+全国地质灾害风险预警系统”总体框架,同时建立了原型系统。实验数据显示改进系统可以解决省-部数据不一致问题,识别并阻止非法数据篡改,多节点故障情况下仍可保障系统稳定运行,系统总体性能损耗低于20%。研究成果可为区块链技术在各级地质灾害风险预警系统中的应用提供顶层设计思路与技术方法,对于提升全国地质灾害自动化监测网安全运行能力具有重要借鉴意义。     

基于TOPSIS的GNSS数据质量评估方法研究

在当前数据质量评估指标（多路径效应、数据完整率、周跳以及信噪比等）基础上增加数据有效率指标,首次提出利用多指标综合评价方法对全球iGMAS、MGEX、IGS等观测站的GPS数据进行数据质量分析,建立了TOPSIS综合评价模型,并将该模型综合评价结果与各指标进行Pearson相关分析,综合评价结果与数据完整率和数据有效率指标呈强相关;并采用静态PPP结果与该综合评价结果进行相关分析,亦呈显著相关。     

基于互联网房产数据的住宅容积率多尺度时空特征——以广州市为例

基于网络爬虫技术获取房产时空数据,结合时间序列和空间自相关分析方法,在“小区—街道—区级”多尺度上探索广州市住宅容积率时空模式与演化规律。结果表明：① 近三十年广州市居住空间呈现中心城区集聚开发—向南、北方向近郊区拓展—往南、北、东方向远郊区外扩的演变过程,容积率呈现波动式增长态势。② 随着房地产的快速发展,住宅容积率逐渐呈现显著的空间自相关特征,体现了住宅开发与规划有序性的提高。③ 区级尺度上容积率呈现较强的自相关性,越秀区与天河区为HH集聚区,从化区为LL集聚区。街道尺度上容积率呈现出显著的空间不均衡性,区位交通条件较好的街道成为容积率HH集聚区,而LL集聚区主要分布于生态旅游重镇。     

MD数字化断层形变测量仪资料的应用分析

分析了“九五”期间安装在“山东数字化地震前兆台网”的MD跨断层形变测量仪资料的干扰因素、变化特点及其与水准、基线观测的一致性 ,探讨了其映震能力及断层运动的表现方式     

Local‐government data sharing: Evaluating the foundations of spatial data infrastructures

This paper presents a typology of local‐government data sharing arrangements in the US at a time when spatial data infrastructures (SDI) are moving into a second generation. In the first generation, the US National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) theoretically involved a pyramid of data integration resting on local‐government data sharing. Availability of local‐government data is the foundation for all SDI‐related data sharing in this model. However, first‐generation SDI data‐sharing activities and principles have gained only a tenuous hold in local governments. Some formalized data sharing occurs, but only infrequently in response to SDI programmes and policies. Previous research suggests that local‐government data sharing aligns with immediate organizational and practical concerns rather than state or national policies and programmes. We present research findings echoing extending these findings to show that local‐government data sharing is largely informal in nature and is undertaken to support existing governmental activities. NSDI principles remain simply irrelevant for the majority of surveyed local governments. The typology we present distinguishes four distinct types of local‐government data sharing arrangements that reflect institutional, political, and economic factors. The effectiveness of second generation, client‐service‐based SDI will be seriously constrained if the problems of local government take‐up fail to be addressed.     

基于R树的分布式并行空间索引机制研究

为提高分布式并行计算环境下海量空间数据管理与并行化处理的效率,基于并行空间索引机制的研究,设计一种多层并行R树空间索引结构。该索引结构以高效率的并行空间数据划分策略为基础,以经典的并行计算方法论为依据,使其结构设计在保证能够获得较好的负载平衡性能的前提下,更适合于海量空间数据的并行化处理。以空间范围查询并行处理的系统响应时间为性能评估指标,通过实验证明并行空间索引结构具有设计合理、性能高效的特点。     

Automated Separation of Stars and Normal Galaxies Based on Statistical Mixture Modeling with RBF Neural Networks

For LAMOST, the largest sky survey program in China, the solution of the problem of automatic discrimination of stars from galaxies by spectra has shown that the results of the PSF test can be significantly refined. However, the problem is made worse when the redshifts of galaxies are not available. We present a new automatic method of star/(normal) galaxy separation, which is based on Statistical Mixture Modeling with Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (SMM-RBFNN). This work is a continuation of our previous one, where active and non-active celestial objects were successfully segregated. By combining the method in this paper and the previous one, stars can now be effectively separated from galaxies and AGNs by their spectra-a major goal of LAMOST, and an indispensable step in any automatic spectrum classification system. In our work, the training set includes standard stellar spectra from Jacoby's spectrum library and simulated galaxy spectra of EO, SO, Sa, Sb types with redshift ranging from 0 to 1     

Application of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) Fourier spectral ratio for analysis of site effect on rock (NEHRP-class B) sites in Taiwan

The frequency-dependent amplification for rock (NEHRP-class B) sites was studied using earthquake ground-motion database collected in Taiwan during implementation of the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The database used includes several hundred records from earthquakes of M_L 4.0–7.3 occurred between 1993 and 2004. The characteristics of amplification were evaluated using the well-known technique of horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratio (H/V) of the S-wave phase [Lermo J, Chavez-Garcia FJ. Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station. Bull Seism Soc Am 1993;83:1574–94]. The study allows us to analyze peculiarities of rock sites amplification in Northern and Eastern Taiwan. It was suggested to divide the NEHRP-class B site amplification into four types based on frequency of maximum amplification and the shape of amplification function. The applicability of the technique was also checked for a few stiff and soft soil sites (NEHRP-classes D and E).     

近30a来福州盆地中心的城市扩展进程

位于福州盆地中心的福州市在城市化进程的推动下,城市空间快速扩展。利用多时相遥感影像和IBI建筑用地指数获得的建筑用地信息表明,福州市建成区在1976~2006年的30a间面积增加了105km²,增幅达到3.2倍。由于金山、快安等新城区的形成和马尾区的扩展,整个福州城区从西到东几乎连成一片,城市扩展经历了先慢后快,先北、后东、西的扩展历程。研究发现,福州城市的空间扩展并不属于工业主导型,而是第三产业推动型。城市空间的快速扩展已给福州带来了一定的环境资源问题,其中最突出的就是城市热岛效应与城市建筑用地总量控制问题。