黄海辐射沙洲沉积物地球化学特征及其环境意义

对黄海辐射沙洲烂沙洋水道区域的3个钻孔共81个沉积物样品进行了微量、常量元素分析和^14C测年分析．化学元素质量分数的变化与当时沉积环境的变化相对应。突发事件(如风暴潮)的发生不但在沉积物的岩性上有所体现,而且在微量元素质量分数的变化上也有很明显的体现。微量元素Zr可作为沉积能量变化的地化指示剂,潮汐通道北部的西太阳沙区域的沉积动力环境在4000a以前是较弱的。潮流通道的上段沉积物是来自水深较浅的区域,由于潮流和波浪的作用使其能够保持稳定的水深。     

条带开采地表沉陷预计参数的确定

概率积分法是条带开采地表移动和变形预计常用的方法,而概率积分法预计的精度取决于其预计参数的确定。以国内大量的条带开采实测资料为基础,应用相似理论对条带开采地表沉陷的相似现象进行了模糊聚类分析,计算出了条带开采地表沉陷预计参数。根据所得条带开采地表沉陷相似现象的分类及其地表沉陷预计参数,应用模式识别对待求条带开采地表沉陷预计参数进行了求取。工程实例表明,用模糊优化确定的预计参数进行条带开采地表移动和变形预计,其预计结果更加可靠、准确。     

变形预测的逆多元统计模型

测量和预测目标点的空间变形是掌握变形体稳定性的重要手段,本文论证了逆多元统计预测模型用于滑坡的稳定性分析,利用变形点的空间三维移动量模拟时间的变化特征,与正常的时间序列进行对比,检验变形体的稳定性。并结合实例说明了在滑坡变形分析中逆多元统计模型的实用性和可靠性。     

双重投影在高速铁路测量中的应用分析

针对目前我国高速铁路测量采用的高斯投影独立坐标系每个投影带可控制范围太小,给施工带来很多不便的问题,提出了首先将椭球面经纬度投影至球面后再沿铁路线方向进行斜墨卡托投影的原理、方法和计算步骤,并通过算例分析其在高速铁路测量应用中的可行性,该投影方法与目前施工单位正在使用的高斯投影相比较具有明显的优点。     

球面退化四叉树格网的剖分及变形分析

为有效解决经纬度格网与四元三角网(QTM)在全球空间数据管理与操作中存在的不足,提出一种新的全球离散格网剖分方法——球面退化四叉树格网(DQG),给出该格网的剖分原理与编码规则,并对其进行几何变形计算与分析。结果表明:DQG既具有经纬度格网结构简单的特征,又具有QTM几何变形稳定等优点。     

Drained cavity expansions in soils of finite radial extent subjected to two boundary conditions

The problem of drained cavity expansion in soils of finite radial extent is investigated. Cylindrical and spherical cavities expanded from zero radius subjected to either constant stress or zero displacement at the finite boundary are considered. The generalised analytical solution procedure presented enables more advanced constitutive models to be implemented than have been possible in previous studies. Results generated for Sydney quartz sand highlight substantial differences between cavity limit pressures for the two boundary conditions and for boundaries of finite and infinite radial extent. This is of significance in accounting for boundary effects when interpreting cone penetration tests conducted in calibration chambers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of bond stress–slip relationship and radial dilation in prestressed concrete

This paper presents two test procedures for evaluating the bond stress–slip and the slip–radial dilation relationships when the prestressing force is transmitted by releasing the steel (wire or strand) in precast prestressed elements. The bond stress–slip relationship is obtained with short length specimens, to guarantee uniform bond stress, for three depths of the wire indentation (shallow, medium and deep). An analytical model for bond stress–slip relationship is proposed and compared with the experimental results. The model is also compared with the experimental results of other researchers. Since numerical models for studying bond‐splitting problems in prestressed concrete require experimental data about dilatancy angle (radial dilation), a test procedure is proposed to evaluate these parameters. The obtained values of the radial dilation are compared with the prior estimated by numerical modelling and good agreement is reached. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bond—Valence Sum and Distortion of Coordination Polyhedra

By using the Lagrange‘s intermediate value theorem,it is derived mathematically that the structur-al distortion of a coordination polyhedron may lead to an increase in bond-valence sum of the cen-tral atom of ion .The applicabilities of the bond-valence model are discussed in the following two cases:the modeling of crystal structure ,and the indication of distortion degree of a coordination polyhedron.Also it is shown that a distorted polyhedron should be in favor of a longer average bond length or a smaller coordination number.     

用于生成DTM的改进的最小二乘匹配(LSM)算法

本文提供了一种用于生成DTM的LSM算法的数学模型。其特点是,引入了辐射线条件和共面条件的几何约束,以及辐射偏差和几何变形参数的虚拟观测方程。试验表明.改善了LSM算法的收敛性、稳定性和可靠性,因而提高了图像配准的质量。