The application of spatial data processing to land use conflict resolution in the lal lal water catchment of the Ballarat growth corridor: a case study from chapter one of the Buninyong planning scheme

Land use conflict within the Lal Lal Water Catchment is between landowners, the Shire, the Water Board and those directing regional pressures for development. It is exacerbated by inconsistency in building permit appraisal outcomes. The deliberations involved would clearly have benefited from access to spatial data sets through use of a Geographical Information System (GIS) during applications appraisal, in that inconsistencies are most obvious when mapped in relation to the criteria applied. GIS methodologies would ensure that information of a high standard was produced. Three strategic points are identified for the implementation of GIS: at the planning scheme formulation stage; the permit application stage; and the formal conflict resolution stage. Reference to GIS at the first two stages presupposes the existence of a local government area (LGA) spatial data base and a GIS/LIS that can output overlay maps. Application of GIS at the third stage is somewhat ‘after the event’. This study suggests that without such a regional review of the spatial patterns of permit appraisal criteria (including overland flow modelling) each appeal or negotiation is likely to yield an outcome that is inconsistent in relation to other cases. An LGA planning office maintaining a GIS with all layers relating to these criteria will have assembled its spatial data according to the requirements of its planning scheme and will make most use of it in a GIS at the permit appraisal stage.     

基于GDELT新闻数据的冲突强度定量表达及冲突事件检测研究

全球范围内各种冲突经常发生,及时分析各种冲突关系并监测其变化,提前干预、实施人道主义救援,可以有效避免冲突的爆发与升级。冲突事件通常被各种新闻媒体及时报道,并被记录于新闻数据库中。提取新闻数据中的冲突事件信息并量化冲突强度,从而分析国家冲突强度的变化是一种可行思路。GDELT实时监测着不同来源的新闻,自动提取新闻中的事件与事件属性信息,并将事件总体划分为冲突与合作2种类型。本文以GDELT为数据源,综合考虑事件数量、事件影响性、事件关注度多个因素,针对不同空间研究尺度提出了一种利用全球冲突指数与局部冲突指数对冲突强度定量表达的方法。在全球尺度上,计算全球各国全球冲突指数衡量国家冲突强度,分析全球国家冲突强度空间分布规律。在国家尺度上,计算局部冲突指数衡量一个国家的冲突强度变化情况,并在冲突强度定量表达的基础上,研究一种基于距离的时间序列冲突检测方法检测冲突事件的发生。研究发现：① 冲突强度高的国家主要集中在非洲和中东地区,全球冲突强度在空间上存在明显的集聚现象;② 国家局部冲突指数的突增通常对应于一些冲突事件的发生,使用本文的冲突检测方法可以有效地及时检测这种突增现象,并能为冲突预警提供支持。本文的研究成果可以为国际冲突关系分析,以及国际救援组织的决策提供参考。     

高校教师的角色冲突与自我调适

通过对高校教师角色冲突的类型和引起角色冲突的主要因素分析,提出教师对角色冲突进行自我调适的有效方法,包括认知重建法、积极应对法、角色分离法、情绪调节法和人际关系适应法。     

How Collaborative Governance Practitioners Can Assess the Effectiveness of Collaborative Environmental Governance,While Also Evaluating Their Own Services

Abstract

Collaborative governance applied to environmental issues is becoming more common, and evaluation of such efforts can provide useful information for multiple audiences. However, due to a variety of challenges, collaborative governance practitioners rarely evaluate the outcomes of collaboration and their contributions to these efforts. With these challenges in mind, the William D. Ruckelshaus Center designed an evaluation framework that can meet multiple parties’ objectives, be integrated into practitioners’ existing services, and balance flexibility and practicality with rigor and replicability. The Center conducted a pilot of this framework on a collaborative watershed management effort in southeastern Washington State, where the Center had previously assisted with organizational development. The resulting evaluation highlights a variety of social, knowledge-based, and economic outcomes for the collaborative, as well as lessons for practitioners and evaluators of collaborative governance. We suggest that this methodology can be useful for practitioners interested in evaluating similar collaborative efforts.     

Depoliticizing water conflict: functional peacebuilding in the Red Sea–Dead Sea Water Conveyance project

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the nexus of technocracy–peacebuilding and its implications on water conflicts and hydropolitics. It is a conceptual exploration which advances an interdisciplinary approach by combining theories from two distinct research fields: peacebuilding and transboundary water management. It probes the argument that synergies between water management, development and peacebuilding frequently lead to technocratic and functional solutions. As empirical case illustration, the transboundary project, the Red Sea–Dead Sea Water Conveyance (RSDSWC) is analysed regarding its peacebuilding and peace promoting potential. Three concluding remarks are drawn from the conceptual and empirical analysis. First, strong emphasis on technocratic solutions is inclined to favour supply-oriented options rather than solutions based on ethics of sustainable development and rights-based distribution. Second, functional solutions to water conflicts downplay at times complex hydro-political and asymmetrical relations between adversaries. Third, wider trends of privatization in the water sector coincide with similar developments in the field of peacebuilding, where new transnational actors are gaining influence as “new peacemakers”, which are likely to have long-term consequences on power relations and the resolution of water conflict.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned     

一种自适应的矢量数据增量更新方法研究

针对GIS增量更新中存在的一致性维护与空间冲突问题,提出一种自适应的矢量数据增量更新方法。以同名对象匹配为切入点,探讨变化对象的检测与增量更新的方式。在综合考虑空间距离,语义相似度及拓扑一致性约束的基础上,提出接边匹配度的计算方法并设计自适应的对象接边算法。同时,介绍矢量数据增量更新中基于约束规则的空间冲突检测与处理方法。并以矢量地形图试验数据验证文中所提出的模型与算法。     

一种元数据的面向方面编程冲突解决方法

面向方面编程（AOP）是近年来新兴的编程思想，它焦距于源码级的实现分离。但是目前面向方面编程的理论还没有成熟，各种实现框架还只能支持最基本的方面编程。针对方面之间的冲突解决的支持较少状况，提出一种利用.NET环境下属性元数据处理方面编程冲突的方法，较好解决了方面之间的冲突。     

Comparing management of recreational Pagrus fisheries in Shark Bay (Australia) and Sagami Bay (Japan): Conventional catch controls versus stock enhancement

This paper compares the management of recreational fisheries for pink snapper (Pagrus auratus) in the inner gulfs of Shark Bay (Australia) and the closely related red sea bream (Pagrus major) in Sagami Bay (Japan). Fishing and other factors have resulted in population declines of these species in both regions. In response, fishery managers have employed contrasting management, more conventional catch controls in Shark Bay and stock enhancement in Sagami Bay. Although recreational harvest levels were higher than commercial levels in both fisheries, the driving mechanisms are comparatively different due to historical, social, economic and political issues in the respective locations.     

Human–Wildlife Conflicts and their Associated Livelihood Impacts in and Around Chebera-Churchura National Park,Ethiopia

Human–wildlife conflict is one of the major challenges in conservation biology. Here, we investigated the human–wildlife conflicts and their impacts in and around Chebera-Churchura National Park, Ethiopia. We conducted semistructured interview for 300 people and five focus group discussions from November 2010 to January 2011. In addition, scats of 60 spotted hyenas were collected and analyzed. Totally, 12 carnivores, 6 herbivores, and 2 primate species posing a significant problem were identified. Intensive human–wildlife conflict was observed in Churchura, Sere, and Chebera villages which were very close to the park. The carnivore’s attacks during 2007–2011 had caused about 30.49% of livestock losses. The overall economic loss by wildlife attacks was estimated to be US$ 75,234 (US$ 83/household/year). Scat analysis confirmed a substantial contribution (59%) of livestock to spotted hyena’s diet. Thus, combined strategies like improving livestock husbandries and strengthen the capacity of managers are imperative to mitigate the problems.