武汉台形变观测与降雨参数之间的定量分析与研究

基于“前兆台网(站)观测数据跟踪分析平台”,对武汉台形变观测资料进行了系统分析,提取出观测曲线受降雨干扰影响的事件,采用降雨总量、初始驱动降雨量和瞬时降雨量最大值等降雨参数对降雨干扰事件进行统计分析。结果表明:降雨总量达40 mm、初始驱动降雨量为0.3 mm或瞬时降雨量最大值达0.6 mm时,DSQ型水管倾斜仪易受降雨干扰;SSY型铟瓦棒伸缩仪当降雨总量超60 mm或瞬时降雨量最大值大于0.5 mm时易受降雨干扰;VS型垂直摆倾斜仪受降雨干扰与降雨总量、初始驱动降雨量和瞬时降雨量最大值无显著相关关系;降雨总量对形变仪器观测物理量的影响基本呈现线性;而形变仪器观测物理量与初始驱动降雨量、瞬时降雨量最大值无显著相关关系。认为武汉台形变观测受降雨影响主要来自降雨渗透影响和周边水体荷载变化影响两个方面。     

The solution of the Korn–Lichtenstein equations of conformal mapping: the direct generation of ellipsoidal Gauß–Krüger conformal coordinates or the Transverse Mercator Projection

The differential equations which generate a general conformal mapping of a two-dimensional Riemann manifold found by Korn and Lichtenstein are reviewed. The Korn–Lichtenstein equations subject to the integrability conditions of type vectorial Laplace–Beltrami equations are solved for the geometry of an ellipsoid of revolution (International Reference Ellipsoid), specifically in the function space of bivariate polynomials in terms of surface normal ellipsoidal longitude and ellipsoidal latitude. The related coefficient constraints are collected in two corollaries. We present the constraints to the general solution of the Korn–Lichtenstein equations which directly generates Gau?–Krüger conformal coordinates as well as the Universal Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM) avoiding any intermediate isometric coordinate representation. Namely, the equidistant mapping of a meridian of reference generates the constraints in question. Finally, the detailed computation of the solution is given in terms of bivariate polynomials up to degree five with coefficients listed in closed form. Received: 3 June 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997     

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.     

Evaluation of radar and automatic weather station data assimilation for a heavy rainfall event in southern China

To improve the accuracy of short-term(0–12 h) forecasts of severe weather in southern China, a real-time storm-scale forecasting system, the Hourly Assimilation and Prediction System(HAPS), has been implemented in Shenzhen, China. The forecasting system is characterized by combining the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF-ARW)model and the Advanced Regional Prediction System(ARPS) three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR) package. It is capable of assimilating radar reflectivity and radial velocity data from multiple Doppler radars as well as surface automatic weather station(AWS) data. Experiments are designed to evaluate the impacts of data assimilation on quantitative precipitation forecasting(QPF) by studying a heavy rainfall event in southern China. The forecasts from these experiments are verified against radar, surface, and precipitation observations. Comparison of echo structure and accumulated precipitation suggests that radar data assimilation is useful in improving the short-term forecast by capturing the location and orientation of the band of accumulated rainfall. The assimilation of radar data improves the short-term precipitation forecast skill by up to9 hours by producing more convection. The slight but generally positive impact that surface AWS data has on the forecast of near-surface variables can last up to 6–9 hours. The assimilation of AWS observations alone has some benefit for improving the Fractions Skill Score(FSS) and bias scores; when radar data are assimilated, the additional AWS data may increase the degree of rainfall overprediction.     

A critical appraisal of Sustainable Consumption and Production research: The reformist,revolutionary and reconfiguration positions

This conceptual review article provides a critical appraisal of Sustainable Consumption and Production research, which is currently framed by two generic positions. First, the ‘reformist’ position, which focuses on firms pursuing green eco-innovations and consumers buying eco-efficient products, represents the political and academic orthodoxy. Second, the ‘revolutionary’ position, which is a radical critique of the mainstream, advocates the abolishment of capitalism, materialism, and consumerism, and promotes values such as frugality, sufficiency, and localism. We find this dichotomous debate problematic, because it is intellectually stifling and politically conservative (in its outcomes). To move beyond this dichotomy, we propose a third position, ‘reconfiguration’, which focuses on transitions in socio-technical systems and daily life practices and accommodates new conceptual frameworks. For each of the three positions, we discuss: (1) the scale and type of change, (2) views on consumption and production in exemplary approaches, (3) underlying theoretical, epistemological and normative orientations, (4) policy implications, and (5) critical appraisal. The conclusion compares the three positions, provides arguments for the fruitfulness of the reconfiguration-position and offers four critical reflections about future Sustainable Consumption and Production research agendas.     

马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)组织蛋白酶L基因的克隆与表达分析

根据已构建的溶藻弧菌(Vibro alginolyticus)诱导的马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)血淋巴cDNA差减文库得到的ESTs序列, 应用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术成功克隆了其组织蛋白酶L基因(PFCatL), 并对其进行了生物信息学分析; 应用实时荧光定量PCR (Real-time PCR)技术, 研究了PFCatL基因在溶藻弧菌刺激前后马氏珠母贝足、外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌等8个组织中的表达变化。结果表明, PFCatL基因cDNA全长2004bp, 其中5′非编码区(5′-UTR)50bp, 3′非编码区(3′-UTR)865bp, 开放阅读框(ORF)1089bp, 编码362个氨基酸, 其分子量计算值(MW)为40.52kDa, 理论等电点(IP)为5.20; 生物信息学分析表明, PFCatL含有16个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽序列以及组织蛋白酶前体抑制功能域I29; Clustalw2多重比对发现PFCatL氨基酸序列在催化三联体Cys-His-Asn、底物结合位点以及二硫键形成相关的半胱氨酸残基位点高度保守; Real-time PCR研究发现, PFCatL在马氏珠母贝各组织中均有表达, 但各组织间的表达量存在差异, 其中以肾和闭壳肌中的表达量最高; 溶藻弧菌感染4h后, 外套膜、鳃以及血淋巴中PFCatL基因的表达较感染前显著上调。     

拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)蛋白二硫键异构酶基因的分子克隆与表达分析

蛋白二硫键异构酶(PDI)是内质网中的关键酶, 参与蛋白合成过程中二硫键的形成、还原和异构。本文首次从拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)克隆获得了PDI基因cDNA全长, 该序列长度为2015bp, 开放阅读框为1452bp, 编码483个氨基酸。荧光定量PCR检测发现PDI存在于拟穴青蟹的多个组织中; 在拟穴青蟹卵巢发育过程中, PDI基因的表达量在前4个时期逐渐上升, 到了第5期(成熟期)表达量则下降, 表明PDI参与了卵巢发育的蛋白合成过程。免疫组化表明, 拟穴青蟹卵母细胞存在PDI阳性反应, 进一步为该分子参与卵巢发育提供了形态学证据。     

硅酸盐玻璃中的Na和K含量电子探针分析条件设定探讨

含Ti硅酸盐玻璃在基础科学研究和应用技术开发上均有重要价值,亟需对其进行准确的成分分析,为进一步的科研工作提供重要的数据支撑.对玻璃进行电子探针分析时,由于样品的易损性和其中(Na和K)阳离子在电子束轰击下极易发生迁移和扩散,因此往往需要经过条件实验来确定合适的分析条件,确保样品在该条件下能够保持尽量稳定的状态,才能获...     

危机矿山深部、边部隐伏矿体的三维可视化预测——以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例

以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例,通过综合地质研究,构建了矿体定位预测概念模型。在地质勘探数据和物化探数据集成的基础上,采用三维地质建模技术,对地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体等地质体进行了推断和圈定,构建了地质体的线框模型与块体模型。基于定位预测概念模型和地质体三维块体模型,通过地质空间定义和立体单元划分,建立了岩体及其表面形态起伏、接触带、地层、褶皱、断层等控矿地质因素的三维栅格场模型。在定量分析控矿地质因素与矿化分布的关系的基础上,建立了反应这种关联关系的矿体立体定量预测模型。预测模型提供矿田深部(-1000m标高以上)所有50m×50m×50m立体单元的铜品位、铜金属量和含矿概率的预测结果。基于预测结果圈定了4个深部找矿立体靶区,为深部找矿工程的设计、布置提供尚未发现的隐伏矿体的位置、品位、金属量等信息的指导。     

北部湾北部生态系统结构与功能研究Ⅱ.浮游动物数量分布及优势种

为了解北部湾北部海区浮游动物数量分布规律及优势种组成,2006—2007年对北部湾进行4个航次的综合性调查。根据浮游动物样品分析结果,研究了北部湾北部浮游动物的丰度、生物量和优势种组成,并利用Spearman等级相关法分析丰度与环境因子间的关系。研究结果表明,北部湾北部浮游动物丰度年均值(183.5±142.9)ind/m3,丰度的季节分布由高到低依次为秋季、夏季、冬季、春季;生物量年均值(139.5±116.8)mg/m3,由高到低依次为春季、秋季、冬季、夏季特征。平面分布上,春、秋两季丰度分布呈远岸高近岸低的趋势,而夏、冬两季则在近岸海域形成高丰度区。生物量的平面分布趋势与丰度的分布趋势基本一致。丰度变化与环境因子的相关性显著,水深、温度及叶绿素a浓度是影响丰度分布的主要因素。肥胖软箭虫Flaccisagitta enflata、亚强次真哲水蚤Subeucalanus subcrassus和间型莹虾Lucifer intermedius在北部湾北部的优势地位显著,优势种演替具有明显的季节性。