The optimal Mercator projection and the optimal polycylindric projection of conformal type – case-study Indonesia

As a conformal mapping of the sphere S ² _R or of the ellipsoid of revolution E ² _A , _B the Mercator projection maps the equator equidistantly while the transverse Mercator projection maps the transverse metaequator, the meridian of reference, with equidistance. Accordingly, the Mercator projection is very well suited to geographic regions which extend east-west along the equator; in contrast, the transverse Mercator projection is appropriate for those regions which have a south-north extension. Like the optimal transverse Mercator projection known as the Universal Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM), which maps the meridian of reference Λ₀ with an optimal dilatation factor &ρcirc;=0.999 578 with respect to the World Geodetic Reference System WGS 84 and a strip [Λ₀−Λ _W ,Λ₀ + Λ _E ]×[Φ _S ,Φ _N ]= [−3.5^∘,+3.5^∘]×[−80^∘,+84^∘], we construct an optimal dilatation factor ρ for the optimal Mercator projection, summarized as the Universal Mercator Projection (UM), and an optimal dilatation factor ρ₀ for the optimal polycylindric projection for various strip widths which maps parallel circles Φ₀ equidistantly except for a dilatation factor ρ₀, summarized as the Universal Polycylindric Projection (UPC). It turns out that the optimal dilatation factors are independent of the longitudinal extension of the strip and depend only on the latitude Φ₀ of the parallel circle of reference and the southern and northern extension, namely the latitudes Φ _S and Φ _N , of the strip. For instance, for a strip [Φ _S ,Φ _N ]= [−1.5^∘,+1.5^∘] along the equator Φ₀=0, the optimal Mercator projection with respect to WGS 84 is characterized by an optimal dilatation factor &ρcirc;=0.999 887 (strip width 3^∘). For other strip widths and different choices of the parallel circle of reference Φ₀, precise optimal dilatation factors are given. Finally the UPC for the geographic region of Indonesia is presented as an example. Received: 17 December 1997 / Accepted: 15 August 1997     

基于反射光谱的太湖北部叶绿素a浓度定量估算

利用地物光谱仪研究了太湖水体的反射光谱特征与叶绿素a浓度之间的定量关系,结果表明太湖水体的叶绿素a浓度可以用720 nm附近的反射率估算,同时也可以用806 nm和571 nm两个波段的反射率比值来估算,前者建立的估算模型具有较好的通用性,而后者只能较好的估算<10μg/L的叶绿素a浓度;通过对光谱微分的分析,发现叶绿素a浓度与690 nm附近的一阶微分和702 nm附近的二阶微分相关性最好,但基于反射光谱一阶微分的叶绿素a浓度估算模型,并没有显著的提高太湖叶绿素a浓度的估测精度,二阶微分后的估测精度好于一阶微分,但其估测精度仍没有利用720 nm反射光谱的反演模型高．太湖水体的叶绿素a浓度可以利用720 nm附近的反射光谱有效地估算．     

现行黄河口冲淤特征和作用机制

根据１９７６年１０月至１９８８年９月连续１３年的黄河口滨海区的水深测量资料,运用水文学和数学方法进行规范化处理,采用计算机技术定量计算出冲淤量,给出冲淤的等厚度图。并分析黄河口淤积中心的变化与入海位置的关系及其冲淤特征和作用机制     

基于地质异常的内蒙古新达来草原覆盖区钼铜多金属矿产定量预测

内蒙古新达来草原覆盖区位于古亚洲成矿域的二连—东乌旗钼铜多金属成矿带西段,分布有乌兰德勒、准苏吉花等与中酸性侵入体有关的内生金属矿床,成矿地质条件优越.然而,因受牧草和第四系大面积覆盖的影响,该区各种成矿/示矿信息具有间接、叠加、隐蔽、微弱、不完整等特点,给找矿勘查带来更大的不确定性和风险.因此,必须加强矿产定量预测研...     

Sense of Place in Hamilton,Ontario: Empirical Results of a Neighborhood-Based Survey

Although the concept of sense of place has a long history in the social sciences, relatively few studies have attempted a quantitative analysis of sense of place at the neighborhood level. This study reports on the empirical findings of a sense of place survey developed and tested in two contrasting neighborhoods in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: Southwest Mountain, an upper-middle-class suburban neighborhood and Northeast Industrial, a lower-income, working-class neighborhood located in the heart of the city's industrial district. The principal objective is to assess the relationship between sense of place and the socio-demographic characteristics of residents living in neighborhoods of very different socioeconomic status. This study also introduces a method for calculating a neighborhood sense of place score derived from a fully tested, validated survey instrument. It was found that sense of place was strongest in Southwest Mountain, and among seniors, long-term residents, unmarried people, and immigrants. In addition, residents with a lower level of education and those in the unpaid labor force had a stronger sense of place.     

区域地球化学元素分布与组合求异方法

在与单元素异常处理方法比较基础上,应用多元素空间分布与空间定量组合求异方法,以吉林白山地区1∶ 20 万化探测量数据处理分析为例,进行空间定量组合求异模型研究,建立了该区的中大比例尺因子--泛克里格模型,应用DEM 原理表达三维元素空间分布模型,并给出地质解译。结果表明: 多元空间定量组合求异法较传统单元素求异法不仅精度更高,更能反应元素空间的内在结构与关联性,且提供了更多的地学信息,尤其使DEM 的三维表达更为直观。     

美国WoS数据库收录的中国南北极研究论文的调研与分析

通过美国的核心期刊数据库,收集了中国作者自1982年以来在世界核心期刊上所发表的有关南北极研究方面的文章,在此基础上进行了基本的文献计量学分析,包括各年文献量、期刊、著者、地区、机构、研究主题、引文等,以期从一个侧面来反映中国南北极研究方面的科研生产率、核心机构、核心人员、核心期刊、主要的研究领域、具有国际影响力的研究成果、发展趋势等信息,便于人们通过定量数据来了解中国南北极研究的现状、布局和实力。     

农业新技术革命的探讨

简要阐述了农业新技术革命提出的理由,其内涵,农业产业化与新技术革命的关系,农业工业化与现代化改造途径,信息化与农业新技术革命的互相关系,在农业新技术革命实施过程中 ,科研院所如何发挥作用,为何要注重发展各地的特色经济。     

蒙脱石+伊/蒙混层+伊利石等粘土矿物混合物相X射线定量分析方法—模拟定量法

本文提出粘土矿物(特别是含伊/蒙不规则混层粘土矿物)混合物相的X射线定量分析方法——模拟定量法。着重解决在蒙脱石-不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物-伊利石组合中,伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的定量分析计算。模拟定量法是对以前的各种粘土矿物X射线定量分析方法的补充。用纯净的蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石及各种伊/蒙混层比的伊/蒙混层粘土矿物,配制了各种不同组合的粘土矿物混合样品,制成定向薄膜片,进行了X射线分析,讨论了各种组合的粘土矿物混合物相X射线衍射图谱的特征,并在此基础上提出了粘土混合物相定量分析的方法。     

定量风险评估在导管架海上安装工程中的应用

定量风险评估是风险评估发展的主要趋势。论文基于TOPS IS和神经网络响应面法,提出一种定量风险分析方法,并运用此方法对导管架海上安装过程进行深入分析,以及时查找并消除各方面的事故隐患。首先找出潜在的风险事件及相关风险因素,然后对风险事件的模糊概率和损失程度后果进行量化,最后依据风险评价结果对需要控制的风险事件给出控制措施。实例表明,该方法是一种实用而有效的定量风险评估方法。