空间与经济地理学理论构建

空间是地理学的核心概念之一,长期以来在地理学的研究中占据核心地位。地理学对于空间的认识由于受到多学科的影响和启示也在不断演变和发展,其中哲学和社会学对空间的理解对地理科学的影响极为深刻。经济地理学作为地理学的重要分支学科之一,短短百年历史就经历了数次研究思潮的变迁和学科地位的崛起。这一切都离不开经济地理扎根于空间。空间是经济地理理论创新的源泉。本文通过对地理学中的空间概念与经济地理发展脉络的对应阐释,进一步印证了上述观点。同时,本文指出空间不能被沦落到和地方、区位、区域等概念并列的地位,空间包含着后者,须进一步强化空间的第一位性。但是也不能忽略经济地理学中的方法论的创新,每一次空间理解的突破都伴随着研究方法的创新,但是方法的创新始终是第二位的。因为方法创新的背后隐含着空间理解的改变。     

Imag(in)ing 'homeless places': using auto-photography to (re)examine the geographies of homelessness

Despite its growing popularity as a method across the social sciences, the methodological literature on auto-photography is remarkably sparse. In an effort to begin redressing this gap, this paper provides an account of the ways in which auto-photography was used to complement other research methods in a (re)examination of the geographies of homelessness. It describes how auto-photography illuminated 'hidden' spaces that do not typically feature in public (or academic) imaginations of homelessness, and provided more nuanced understandings of the use, meanings and dynamics associated with other, apparently already 'known' spaces. It concludes that whilst auto-photography presents a number of logistical and ethical challenges – particularly when used with such a vulnerable group – it is nevertheless a powerful heuristic tool.     

Mixing qualitative research methods in children's geographies

Human geographers are increasingly employing mixed-method approaches in their research, including in children's geographies, where 'child-centred' methods are often used alongside participant observation and semi-structured interviews to investigate children's perceptions and experiences. Mixing qualitative methods in this way raises a number of ethical and methodological issues, particularly regarding the changing power relationships between researchers and participants. This article considers the challenges and potential benefits of combining methods from participatory and interpretive approaches through triangulation or 'crystallisation'. The issues are illustrated through an empirical case study on children, health and exercise in the everyday spaces of the primary school.     

复杂性科学视角下的地理学研究范式转型

随着复杂性科学的兴起,地理学研究范式正逐步发生改变。本文在回顾复杂性科学发展历程和当代地理学研究范式变迁的基础上,对地理系统复杂性的表现、特点、成因及其相关的研究方法作了较为详细的解释和说明,比较了传统经典地理学研究范式与复杂性科学视角下地理学研究范式的差异,最后探讨了复杂性地理学思维的创新与发展图景,即超越还原论的地理学整体思维和地学格局与过程的广义进化思维。     

激进地理学的形成和演变——以《异端的传统》为例

当前国内对激进地理学的研究相当有限。从方法论角度,通过选取激进地理学的代表作《异端的传统》为案例,在分析其背景的基础上,从激进地理学的理论、实践以及它与马克思主义的关系等方面总结和提炼了激进地理学的发展历程与要点,评价了该文的方法论涵义,并总结了它对中国地理学方法论研究的启示。该案例剖析表明,激进地理学是资本主义危机和实证主义地理学存在内在缺陷的背景下产生;其理论前提在于地理学家固有的种族-阶级属性使地理学成为科学实证和文化属性相结合的产物;激进地理学家主要通过创办刊物、建立团体、开展运动树立了激进主义学派,使它由异端成为传统;马克思主义是多数激进地理学家的理论选择;批判和自我批判基础上的重构可能是当今和未来地理学方法论创新的主要途径。中国应该积极开展激进地理学和马克思主义地理学的理论研究和实践活动。     

Integrative representation and inference of qualitative locations about points,lines, and polygons

Qualitative knowledge representation of spatial locations and relations is popular in many text-based media, for example, postings on social networks, news reports, and encyclopedia, as representing qualitative spatial locations is indispensable to infer spatial knowledge from them. However, an integrative model capable of handling direction-based locations of various spatial objects is missing. This study presents an integrative representation and inference framework about direction-based qualitative locations for points, lines, and polygons. In the framework, direction partitions of different types of reference objects are first unified to create a partition consisting of cells, segments, and corners. They serve as a frame of reference to locate spatial objects (e.g., points, lines, and polygons). Qualitative relations are then defined to relate spatial objects to the elements in a cell partition, and to form the model of qualitative locations. Last, based on the integrative representation, location-based reasoning mechanism is presented to derive topological relations between objects from their locations, such as point–point, line–line, point–line, point–polygon, line–polygon, and polygon–polygon relations. The presented model can locate any type of spatial objects in a frame of reference composed of points, lines, and polygons, and derive topological relations between any pairs of objects from the locations in a unified method.     

Escaping the Territorially Trapped East Asian Developmental State Thesis

Using a multiscalar approach, there has been a recent increase in geographic critiques of the East Asian developmental state thesis (DST). These critiques argue that the existing DST literature is epistemologically caught in a territorial trap. There has been less concern, however, about the methodology related to this research. In this article, I suggest that scholars consider not only the epistemological perspective but also the methodological dimension to effectively exploit the less territorially trapped DST research. Based on these analyses, this article emphasizes that interdisciplinary research using a multiscalar methodology and epistemology is required to better explain economic development in East Asia.     

城市大气环境质量的超标加权评价方法

根据大气环境中3种主要污染的监测数据,采用超标加权方法,利用灰色决策模型进行综合评价。参与评价的信息量大,为城市环境质量综合评价提供了一种新的方法。     

地形作战性能的研究

本文从地形在战争中的地位与作用出发,提出了地形作战性能概念,分析了它的内涵,并进行了层次区分,研究了分析地形作战性能的方法、步骤与手段,对辅助决策具有重要的意义。     

矢量GIS空间方向关系的演算模型

空间方向关系是描述空间目标间位置分布的一类基本空间约束，在GIS中是由形式化模型描述的。但现有模型由于简化假设过多，其描述分辨率较低。以点／点空间方向关系的计算量为基础，在综合考虑空间目标的几何构成和分布关系后，提出了定量化演算空间方向关系的一种新模型。利用该模型的结果，根据定量表达与定性描述之间的转换函数，可以得到相应的定性描述结果。理论分析和算例表明，新模型对目标间距离和目标本身的形状等影响方向关系的参数更为敏感，因而比现有模型有更高的描述分辨率。