地震台站管理与仪器装备运行保障系统

为了提高地震观测台站的信息化管理水平,保障仪器装备高效稳定运行,促进台网数据交互共享,针对台站管理和装备保障业务关于省地震局-市县地震局-中心台的三级用户需求,以台站基础信息管理、仪器运行状态监控、技术保障信息管理为设计主线,利用ASP.NET 4.0和SQL Server 2008技术,以B/S模式采用Visual C#语言设计一套基于Web的地震台站和技术设备管理保障系统。用户根据不同权限,通过局域网即可实现对台站和仪器设备的基本信息管理、仪器安装运行管理、设备维护维修登记、实时设备运行监控、运行统计评估报表产出、信息展示等功能,具有较好的实用价值和推广前景。     

内蒙古测震台网台站布局对地震定位的影响

选取2009年1月至2016年5月内蒙古中西部及邻区55次M ≥ 3.0地震,通过调整台站空隙角、近台距离、远台距离、定位台站数,改变并对比定位子台网布局对地震定位精度的影响,进而研究定位子台网的选取规则。分区域探讨2种台站分布模式下地震的定位偏差、水平误差、拟合残差随空隙角、近台距离、远台距离、台站分布均匀度的变化及水平误差和定位偏差与拟合残差的关系。分析发现,地震速报选取9-12个台站,且台站分布相对合理的定位子台网参与定位,结果较好,使用水平误差评估定位效果更准确。     

安丘地震台地震前兆数据跟踪分析

从安丘地震台数据跟踪分析工作实际出发,详述数据跟踪分析平台软件安装与使用,探讨日常数据分析常见问题及解决办法,分享数据跟踪分析工作经验,以期为地震前兆台站数据跟踪分析工作提供参考。     

内蒙古地震预警基准台网监控能力评估

国家地震烈度速报与预警工程项目已启动,内蒙古自治区地震局已完成预警基准台站勘选工作。利用近震计算公式,利用已选定台址与现有台站噪声水平,评估内蒙古自治区预警基准站建成后地震监控能力。结果表明,呼和浩特、包头、鄂尔多斯和乌兰察布市地区,地震监测能力在1.0级,而赤峰—通辽地区监测能力将达0.5级。     

INFLUENCE OF PUMPING ON FOUR-COMPONENT BOREHOLE STRAIN AT TAI'AN SEISMIC STATION AND ITS INTERFERENCE MECHANISM

Four-component borehole strainmeter (FCBS) is one kind of high-precision borehole strain observation instruments invented in China. As a kind of near-surface deformation observation instrument, FCBS is also easily disturbed by the external environment factors. As a common factor, pumping has significant influence on FCBS observation. Existing studies mostly identify the pumping interference from the perspective of observation curve morphology, relatively few studies focus on its interference mechanism. In order to truly capture earthquake precursor information, it is necessary to study the interference mechanism. In recent years, RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station has been seriously affected by pumping, so it is necessary and also feasible to study the interference mechanism of pumping. Since the influence of pumping interference on borehole strainmeter is common, this work would be very practical and be used for reference by other borehole strain observation stations. We find that the original observation curves and observed surface strain, shear strain from RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station have the characteristics of synchronous change with the borehole water level, in which the linear correlation coefficient between the two observed shear strain curves and borehole water level reached 0.70 and 0.82 respectively. We further find that the principal strain direction of borehole and borehole water level after normalization meet the nonlinear function as y=1.217arctan(x)^0.224-0.284. The above phenomenon indicates that the observation of RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station is significantly affected by the borehole water level, and the influence is more obvious and the gradient is larger at the stage of low water level. Pumping interference often appears in low water level stage and changes the rock pore pressure state. Statistics show that pumping interference affects the borehole strain state. To investigate the interference mechanism of pumping to RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station, we take a known pumping as an example, in which we study the principal strain state of the borehole in three periods of normal pumping, interruption of pumping and resuming pumping respectively. During each period, we solve 3 parameters of the principal plane strain state, i.e. the maximum principal strain rate, the minimum principal strain rate and the maximum principal strain direction from four observation equations of FCBS by nonlinear iterative least squares algorithm. On the other hand, concentrated load model (CLM) is used to simulate the mechanical mechanism of pumping. Firstly, the depth of FCBS relative to pumping source and the concentrated load at pumping source are inversed, then, the strain state surrounding the pumping well, including the state at RZB-3 borehole, is simulated by forward modeling. By comparing these results, we find that: (1)The concentrated load at pumping source inversed by CLM during periods of normal pumping and resuming pumping are both located at or near the bottom of the pumping well, which is consistent with the actual situation, indicating that mechanism and degree of the influence of pumping on borehole strain are well simulated by CLM. (2)The observed strain state is consistent with the simulation result of pumping interference by forward modeling, indicating that the principal strain state of borehole calculated based on observation of FCBS reflects the true strain state of borehole under different pumping states.(3)The inversed concentrated load at pumping source during pumping periods is significant greater than the load of the pumped water, indicating that the pumping process has more significant influence on the pore pressure of rocks than the load of the pumped water. Even though CLM is an approximate simulation since it's based on some elastic assumptions, the interference mechanism of pumping on RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station is well explained, which is maybe very helpful for studying the influence of pumping interference on other deformation instruments, locating the unknown pumping source and studying the characteristics of pore pressure of rocks.     

福建省地震台站防雷系统改造分析

对雷电预警、电源分级防雷、信号防雷、地网建设和综合布线等多种综合防雷技术在福建省地震台站推广使用的关键点进行阐述说明,该技术在实际地震监测中取得较好的效果,可有效减轻雷击对地震观测系统仪器设备的损坏。     

2012年河北唐山4.8级地震前后波速比变化特征

选取河北数字地震遥测台网2008年1月至2018年4月产出的唐山震区范围内地震观测报告数据,利用单台和多台和达法对2012年5月河北唐山4.8级地震前后波速比进行计算。结果显示:单台和达法波速比计算得出陡河台等7个台站在唐山4.8级地震前存在低值异常;多台和达法计算波速比在ML≥1.0、ML≥1.5,ML≥2.0不同震级的波速比变化曲线与唐山4.8级地震对应较好,震前存在近一年的波速比低值变化。     

地震观测无人值守台站信息智能化观测系统研究

为了保证地震观测台站的正常运行,解决当前台站动行观测系统存在的抗干扰性不高、观测结果与实际结果不一致,资源利用不足及工作效率不高等问题,利用多种技术相结合的方式,设计一套集设备管理、地震观测无人值守台站信息采集、信息通讯、信息管理与应用为一体的地震观测无人值守台站信息智能化观测系统。考虑到地震观测台站工作任务的特殊性,分析台站运行状态观测系统应具备的功能;为了实现实时监测、及时抢修以及远程操控,采用具有双通道可切换的12 V稳压直流电源和UPS作为观测系统供电设备,采用有线、无线双线路备份的方式集成网络通信系统,并实现人机交互设计;在此基础上,重点设计包括用户管理、值班工作管理、台站设备管理、台站运行状态观测、故障预警以及故障派单及抢修等系统软件部分,完成系统设计。性能测试结果表明,设计系统能够在网络中断时继续保持信息传输连续率,工作效率较高,具有较强的抗干扰性、稳定性和可靠性,同时没有造成较大的资源浪费。     

拱形与矩形断面地铁车站结构地震反应比较研究

采用动力时程法开展了拱形与矩形断面地铁车站结构地震反应的研究,分析了拱形断面和矩形断面地铁车站结构的关键截面在地震作用下的内力及变形的差异。结果表明:相比于矩形断面车站结构,拱形断面车站结构顶板边缘处和侧墙顶端的弯矩明显减小,车站侧墙顶端和顶板边缘处因承受弯矩过大而发生破坏的可能降低;内柱截面的轴压比明显减小,且与侧墙的轴压比差异显著减小,受力分配更为合理;拱形车站结构顶、底板的相对位移、内柱和侧墙的位移角相对较小。在已模拟的工况下拱形车站内力分布形式更为合理,水平变形相对较小,更有利于抗震。     

冬奥会保障项目地电阻率台站防雷技术系统设计关键技术

雷电危害是影响地震台站稳定运行的重要因素之一,对台站进行雷电防护具有重要意义。介绍冬奥会保障项目地电阻率台站改造中避雷系统的设计,并重点分析研究地电阻率台站架空线路防雷、地埋线路防雷等关键技术点出现的问题,探讨地电阻率台站综合防雷系统在接地网、供电、综合布线等方面的整体设计,最后设计完成宝昌台防雷技术系统。在此基础上,完成项目全部8个台站的避雷系统方案设计,全面提升冬奥会项目台站的防雷实效。通过计算,在项目深化研究中得到一些新的技术成果:(1)地电阻率台站应尽量将供电及测量线路进行埋地;(2)埋地供电及测量线路应避开接地体10 m以上;(3)仍采用架空线路的台站可以安装相应电流值的信号防雷器。研究成果可供今后全国台站防雷系统建设时参考。