基于MapGIS的广东省土地利用数据库更新

广东省土地利用数据库,是广东省国土资源信息化建设的基础数据库之一,为实现高效土地资源管理提供有力的技术支持,因此保持它的现势性是一项非常重要的工作.本文介绍了广东省土地利用数据库更新工作的技术路线,并对工作中一些关键技术进行了探讨.     

A study of provincial differences in China’s eco-compensation framework

In this study, we developed a theoretical framework to analyze the provincial differences in eco-compensation and selected appropriate measurement methods to investigate these differences in the operation of the eco-compensation framework. Via the use of the coefficient of variation, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient, we investigated the overall differences in Chinese provincial eco-compensation time series data from 2004 to 2014 and studied the driving mechanism underlying these differences. The results showed that: (1) The provincial eco-compensation standard has geographical features. For example, the provinces crossed by the “HU Huanyong Line”, or located to its northwestern side, have obtained extensive eco-compensation. (2) There was a trend for differences in eco-compensation to increase over time, but with some fluctuations in 2006, 2009, and 2014 as shown by the coefficient of variation, in 2005, 2007, 2011, 2013, and 2014 as shown by the Gini coefficient, and in 2007, 2008, 2011, and 2012 as shown by the Atkinson index. (3) Time series curves indicated that while the signals from the three metrics (coefficient of variation, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient) differ in a short-term analysis, they show the same tendency in the longer term. The results indicate that it is necessary to evaluate the differences in eco-compensation at the provincial level over a long period of time. (4) Via the calculation of the virtual Gini coefficient, we found that among the factors that influence provincial differences in eco-compensation, the economic value of eco-resources played the decisive role, explaining more than 73% of the difference. The cost of environmental pollution abatement was the second most important factor, accounting for more than 19% of the difference. The input to environmental pollution abatement had the least influence, accounting for less than 8% of the difference. The results agreed with those obtained from other studies, and could be used as a reference by policy makers.     

Maintaining a sustainable economic base in rural towns: a case study of Leeton

Leeton, a town of 6000 in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, has in recent times suffered major economic upheaval. In 1993 the Letona Co‐operative stone fruit cannery, Leeton's masthead industry since 1921, was placed in receivership and closed after extensive search for a new investor in stone fruit processing failed. The removal of a substantial income stream from the local community has placed great stress on Leeton's economic and social fabric. However, the town in recent years has developed an economy that is no longer completely reliant on a narrow range of agricultural processing and service activities. Utilising factors of location, irrigation‐supported production flexibility and security, cheap land and utilities, and a stable and productive workforce, the combined efforts of the Leeton Shire Council, local community groups, the Riverina Development Board, and State Government departments have attracted a range of new industries to the town and shire over the past decade. It is these industries that will allow Leeton to survive the loss of Letona, sustain its economy and look to the future with confidence.     

中国中部地区省会城市竞争力评价研究

为了促进“中部崛起”,根据城市竞争力有关理论,构建7个层次37个分项的指标体系,运用主成分分析法分别从经济竞争力、结构竞争力、社会竞争力、人才竞争力、基础设施竞争力、开放竞争力和环境竞争力7个方面讨论6个省会城市的各分项竞争力和综合竞争力,做出分析、比较和分类。根据得分,武汉城市竞争力水平最高,郑州、长沙、合肥划为第二层次城市,太原和南昌城市竞争力最弱,划为第三层次城市。最后提出提升中部地区省会城市竞争力的若干建议。     

城市化综合水平测度初探--以我国15个副省级城市为例

对城市化水平的测度需要建立综合的指标体系,本文以我国15个副省级城市为研究对象,对15个城市的城市化综合水平进行评价并排序,以期对各城市及所在区域城市化水平有全面、总体性的认识。     

基于人口流的中国省域城镇化空间关联特征及形成机制

空间关联是区域相互作用和影响的纽带,以人口流动为载体的城镇化空间关联影响并不断调整着中国区域经济社会发展格局。根据省际人口流动数据,构建城镇化空间关联模型,通过分析1990-2015年中国省域城镇化空间关联强度与关联网络结构变化,揭示城镇化空间关联特征及形成机制。结果发现：① 中国省域城镇化空间关联强度演变过程可以解析出7种类型,其中主导类型与全国的吻合程度最高,并决定着全国城镇化空间关联强度演变过程;非主导类型的城镇化空间关联强度演变特征以2005年为界,之前增长缓慢甚至为负,之后与主导类型共同推动全国城镇化空间关联强度持续增长。② 对城镇化空间关联进行不同尺度的结构分析,全国城镇化空间关联网络结构日趋复杂,关联路径由集中转向分散,不同属性的地域子群间关联密度差异开始缩小,高等级节点由东部向中西部扩散。③ 采用面板向量自回归和面板分位数回归检验城镇化空间关联强度与关联网络中心度的互动机制,并解释了居民收入水平和区域产业结构对城镇化空间关联特征的影响方式。城镇化空间关联不仅深化了城镇化的研究,也为中国人口城镇化发展和产业空间转移调控提供理论依据。     

中国能源行业碳排放强度下降过程中的省际减排成效评价

采用矫正系数衡量各省份的减排有效性,根据各省份能源行业碳排放强度及产值份额构建自上而下的全国能源行业碳排强度恒等式,运用LMDI-Ⅰ分解方法获取各省份、各省份能源行业碳排放强度及产值份额对全国能源行业碳排放强度下降的贡献率,并遵循“减排有效性-碳排放强度贡献-省份综合贡献-减排有效性与省份综合贡献关系”的思路对中国能源行业碳排放强度下降过程中各省份的减排成效进行评价。结果显示：① 中国能源行业碳排放强度呈逐年下降趋势,2016年能源行业碳排放强度较2005年下降45%。② 超过一半的省份为减排有效区且数量呈增加趋势,而减排未达标的省份多数为经济欠发达地区,各省份间的减排路径存在显著差异。③ 多数省份能源行业碳排放强度的贡献率呈上升趋势,省份差异逐渐缩小。④ 省份减排综合贡献的进位赶超势头强劲,绝大多数省份对全国能源行业碳排放强度的下降作出了贡献,且多个省份的综合贡献等级呈正向发展,东部地区是主要的降排贡献区。⑤ 减排成效良好省份数量最多,中等区多散布于东部沿海地区及少数内陆地区,欠佳区在西部地区空间格局保持相对稳定。未来各省份不仅要根据自身的减排成效特征因地制宜的选择低碳发展道路,还应与全国碳排放强度的下降形成良性互动。     

基础性地理省情监测数据采集的研究与探索

基础性地理省情监测是在山东省第一次全国地理国情普查的基础上,对地理省情信息开展周期性定期检测,形成持续、稳定、标准和权威的时间序列化地理省情信息产品,建立常态化基础性地理省情监测机制,提供地理省情信息业务化、常态化服务,持续满足社会各行业对地理省情信息的共性需求,并为各项专题性监测提供基础性支撑。     

浙江仙居风景名胜区开发地质公园可行性探讨

仙居风景名胜区位于浙江省仙居县的中南部,本文介绍了仙居风景名胜区地质遗迹资源的基本状况,分析了拟建仙居风景名胜区省级地质公园具备的优势,以及建立地质公园的科研价值、社会经济和文化价值,认为仙居风景名胜区独特的地质遗迹景观符合省级地质公园的标准,建立省级地质公园是可行的,并为申报省级地质公园的工作提出了建议.     

我国旅游经济发展水平省际差异的空间分析

改革开放以来,我国旅游产业得到了迅猛发展并成为我国国民经济新的增长点,而区域间在旅游经济实力和发展水平上的不平衡状况也日益凸现.以区域经济非均衡增长理论为基础,采用计量经济学的方法对我国旅游经济发展水平差异变化的时空特征及旅游产业基础的现实格局进行分析,揭示出我国区域旅游经济发展呈现出非极化不平衡发展的态势,并在此基础上提出了调控区域差异、实现区域旅游经济统筹协调发展的范式框架.