陕西地区环境剪应力的分布特征

利用西安数字地震遥测台网记录的宽频带数字地震资料，测定了陕西地区环境剪应力值τ0的分布，结果显示陕西地区存在着环境剪应力值τ0的高值区，最后对其与地质构造和地震活动性之间的关系进行了探讨。     

北秦岭地带断裂活动性氡气测试成果分析评价

采用断层气体测试方法, 对北秦岭地带主要断裂及其活动性进行了测试, 首次提出了该区断裂活动性测氡成果判别的相对标准。进而对区内典型的氡气测试成果剖面作了解释分析, 并判别了断裂 (带)的相对活动强弱与活动水平等有关断裂活动性问题。最后, 简要地探讨了在北秦岭地区未来可持续发展中断裂 (带)对其模式及格局的影响。     

赤峰西部地区金矿床成矿时代及其成矿机制的新认识

赤峰西部地区产华北板块与兴蒙造山带拼合部位南侧的板块北部边缘带上，为著名的赤峰－朝阳金矿集中区重要金矿产地之一。本区金矿床包括两种类型：柴胡栏子金矿床为蚀变岩型金矿床为蚀变岩型金矿；莲花山和红花沟金矿床属石英脉型。诸多地质事实表明这些矿床的形成均与中基性岩浆活动密切相关。野外观察和同位素年代学资料说明中基性岩浆活动发生在印支期。因此，笔者提出本区金矿成矿时代为印支期的新认识，否定了以往一些研究者提出本区金成矿作用是发生在燕山期或海西期的看法。同时，在综合分析基础上，提出本区金矿床是在印支期构造－岩浆活动作用下、区域隆起的过程中形成的产物，从而对本区金矿床的形成机制做出了新的解释。     

长江三峡大宁河流域3000年来的环境演变与人类活动

长江三峡大宁河流域张家湾东周-汉代古遗址的孢粉学和沉积学等分析结果表明3000年来该区环境演变与人类活动的互动影响，连续的孢粉和粒度记录证实，该区古人类活动初期处于暖湿的气候，东周-汉代时期转变为温凉略干的温带气候，东周-汉代后，该区经历了一次规模较大的大宁河洪水泛滥期，导致汉代文化层中断。此后不久，由于人类活动剧烈，自然植被严重破坏，水土流失比较严重，山洪灾害频繁，导致汉代之后该区没有连续的文化层堆积，而由于人类活动剧烈，自然植被严重破坏，水土流失比较严重，山洪灾害频繁，导致汉代之后该区没有连续的文化层堆积，而由于短暂洪水暴发引起大面积坡面片流，导致坡积物的大量堆积，汉代之后该区频繁的兴涝灾害和山洪灾害体现了人地关系的复杂性。     

Diel changes in the feeding behaviour of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Ellidavatn, a small lake in southwest Iceland

In the lake Ellidavatn, southwest Iceland, the diel activity of Arctic char and brown trout was studied in autumn (September) and spring (April) by removing the fish from gillnets every 3 hours for three days. Additional fish samples, evening and morning, were taken at other times of the year. The catch per unit effort was about 10 times higher during the nighttime than daytime for both char and trout. The median weight of char was lowest near the middle of night (80 g) and highest near the middle of day (140 g). The median weight of trout was also lowest near the middle of night (110 g) and highest near the middle of day (330 g). The main diet of char consisted of the cladoceran Eurycercus lamellatus in September and chironomid larvae in April and the main diet of trout was always sticklebacks. In autumn and spring, the feeding was nocturnal in the char but crepuscular in the trout. The median stomach content of char was highest at dawn (0.52% of body weight) and lowest at dusk (0.14% of body weight). It is proposed that nocturnal char shift through the bottom substrate in search for prey. The median stomach content of trout was highest at 09.00–18.00 and 24.00–03.00 hours (0.13–0.18% of body weight) and lowest at 03.00–06.00 and 18.00–21.00 hours (0.02–0.07% of body weight). Different feeding times may help to secure mutual coexistence of char and trout in a small lake. In autumn and spring, the average daily consumption of char was about 0.8% of body weight, less than half their maximum food intake.     

离层注浆防治地表塌陷的注浆量计算

地下煤层的大量开采，引起采空空间向地面的转移从而导致地表塌陷，造成危害。基于岩体中离层产生、发展的研究理论，提出利用“离层注浆防治地表塌陷技术”以控制地表塌陷。注浆量和与其相应的泵压是覆岩离层注浆工程实施防治地表塌陷成功与否的关键参数之一。通过对注浆机理及浆液流动模式的简论，给出了注浆量的两种计算方法并引入几个重要参数。文章指出了与计算所得注浆量相匹配的泵压，且给出一个在理论指导下的选型实例，为现场施工设计提供了理论依据。     

隐伏断层灾害的研究与地震保险

简要介绍了近年来一些国家地震灾害造成的经济损失占这些国家国内生产总值的比例；主要介绍了多震地区开展地震断层探测研究的概况以断层活动为基础的地震保险试验的内容及研究进展。     

Anthropogenic organic matter in the Great Marsh of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and its implications

Cores from the Great Marsh area of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore were examined in order to document variations in concentration, type and size of anthropogenic organic matter (A_nOM—coal, coke, etc.) and discuss their relationship to the concentration of such trace elements as Pb, Zn, and Mn in the near-surface sediment section. The results indicate that the first appearance of A_nOM corresponds to the onset of industrialization in the area. There is also a general relationship between the occurrence of A_nOM and Zn, Pb, and Mn. Trace metals were likely transported from the industrial sites to the area of their deposition as sulfur-bearing coatings on small anthropogenic particles. After deposition, these sulfur-bearing compounds reacted with organic matter within the marsh. As a result of bacterial reduction, the pyrite was produced, as suggested by a close relationship between the pyrite and A_nOM. Distance from the industrial complex upwind as well as local hydrologic conditions are among the major factors controlling distribution of A_nOM and trace elements. At the same distance from the source, types and sizes of A_nOM are influenced by the duration and frequency of flooding.     

最大熵谱法在华北地震活动幕式结构分析中的应用

应用定性和定量相结合的方法对华北地区第三、第四活动期Ｍ３≥６地震进行幕式结构分析，发现两个活动期的时间进程、应变释放的图象方面比较相似，由此推断第四活动期应变能大释放阶段已过、目前处于调整阶段。估计第四活动期可能持续到２０２０年前后。