孔雀石绿及其代谢物无色孔雀石绿在鲫鱼肌肉中的代谢规律

研究了孔雀石绿及其主要代谢物无色孔雀石绿在鲫鱼肌肉组织内的残留消除趋势。对鲫鱼以200 ng/mL浓度孔雀石绿进行药浴1 h,取肌肉采用高效液相色谱法测定孔雀石绿及代谢物无色孔雀石绿的残留状况。结果表明,孔雀石绿代谢相对较快。代谢产物无色孔雀石绿残留时间较长,可以作为检测的标志物。     

Biosorption studies on shelled Moringa oleifera Lamarck seed powder: Removal and recovery of arsenic from aqueous system

The present study explores the unexploited sorption property of the shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) for decontamination of arsenic from water bodies. Sorption studies (batch experiments) result into the standardization of optimum conditions for removal of 60.21% As(III) and 85.60% As(V) as follows: biomass dosage (2.0 g), metal concentration (25 mg/L), contact time (60 min) and volume of the test solution (200 ml) at pH 7.5 and 2.5, respectively. The adsorption data are fitted with Langmuir isotherm. Surface area has been measured using BET surface area analyzer. Morphological changes observed in scanning electron micrograph of native and treated SMOS indicates the existence of biosorption process. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of exhausted seed biomass highlights protein/amino acid–arsenic interactions responsible for sorption phenomenon. Regeneration has also been attempted for several cycles with a view to restore the sorbent to its original state. The sorption capacity of the regenerated biomass remained almost constant after three cycles of sorption process, suggesting that the lifetime cycle was sufficient for continuous application. The findings open up new avenues in the decontamination of arsenic using SMOS from arsenic contaminated water, as domestic and environment-friendly safe technology.     

蛋白质和核糖核酸在阿哈湖沉积物中的变化特征

阿哈湖沉积物中的蛋白质和核糖核酸（RNA）随时间和沉积深度的增加逐渐被分解，其含量分别在沉积深度为17cm和19cm以后明显降低，而它们的分解产物氨基酸和核苷酸却有不同的变化规律，氨基酸在沉积深度为27－30cm的孔隙水中含量较高，这种变化规律与微生物对氨基酸和核苷酸利用的差异有关，由于地质聚合作用及矿物和有机聚合物对蛋白质的吸附作用的影响，蛋白质在沉积深度为17cm以后仍保留了一定的含量。     

升温对丛生盔形珊瑚两种形态型代谢和共生藻光合生理的影响

文章研究了温度升高对一种造礁石珊瑚——丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)的两种形态型(H和S型)代谢和共生藻光合生理的影响。研究显示H型和S型对升温的生理响应差异明显:在虫黄藻水平上, H型丢失了大量的虫黄藻,减轻了共生体呼吸代谢的负荷; S型中虫黄藻数目尚可维持共生体呼吸代谢的需求,同时提高叶绿素b含量增强光的吸收。在宿主水平上,H型充分利用虫黄藻输送的营养物质,并通过异养摄食补偿能量消耗;S型宿主所储存的营养物质可以协助共生体适应热环境。结果表明,丛生盔形珊瑚两种形态型通过不同的能量利用方式适应环境的变化, H型倾向于维持共生体的代谢平衡,而S型倾向于提高共生藻的能量分配。     

野生鲤鱼耳石中蛋白质的提取与表征

通过对北京密云水库的野生鲤鱼的微耳石和星耳石中的蛋白质进行提取,分别得到了3种基质蛋白,根据其在提取过程中溶解性的不同,分为水可溶蛋白(WSP)、酸可溶蛋白(ASP)和酸不可溶蛋白(AIP).通过高效液相色谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱分析和氨基酸成分分析等方法分别对3种基质蛋白进行了表征,发现微耳石和星耳石中3种基质蛋白特征存在差异,并初步推断蛋白质特征的差别与碳酸钙晶体在微耳石和星耳石中的不同晶型有关.     

Effects of macroalgal blooms on carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in photoautotrophic sediments: an experimental mesocosm

The effects of floating macroalgae (250 g DW m⁻²) on photoautotrophic microbenthos were studied in a flow-through mesocosm with a parallel mesocosm without macroalgae serving as Control. Vertical microprofiles of O₂ at the sediment-water interface showed a immediate and complete suppression of photosynthetic activity of microphytobenthos (MPB) under the macroalgal canopy, resulting in a shift of benthic metabolism from autotrophic to heterotrophic. MPB abundance and chlorophyll a content decreased and a change from a diatom-dominated to cyanobacteria-dominated community was observed. Inorganic nitrogen nutrients´ concentrations increased in the porewater as a result of the inhibition of MPB nutrient demand, leading to an increase in net ammonification and anaerobic consumption rates. No organic matter transfer from macroalgae to the sediment was detected, resulting in a net consumption of the carbon and nitrogen stored in the sediment. In consequence, sediment was progressively impoverished in nitrogen, reducing sediment nutrient regeneration.     

赤点石斑鱼HSP60基因克隆及弧菌应激前后的组织表达特性分析

HSP60(heat shock protein 60,热休克蛋白60)作为高度保守的热休克蛋白家族的一员,不仅可以在应激状态下帮助其他蛋白正确折叠并恢复天然构象,还可作为危险信号作用于天然免疫系统.基于HSP60的EST序列设计特异引物,采用RACE技术成功克隆获得赤点石斑鱼HSP60 cDNA全序列及基因组全序列....     

Gene cloning and prokaryotic expression of recombinant outer membrane protein from Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Gram-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common pathogen in humans and marine animals. The outer membrane protein of bacteria plays an important role in the infection and pathogenicity to the host. Thus, the outer membrane proteins are an ideal target for vaccines. We amplified a complete outer membrane protein gene (ompW) from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. We then cloned and expressed the gene into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The gene coded for a protein that was 42.78 kDa. We purified the prote...     

环境胁迫对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)血浆蛋白及其抗菌活性的影响

采集采自山东某养殖场的栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)健康贝和病贝的血淋巴,测定其血浆蛋白浓度、血浆蛋白图谱和相对分子质量,以及血浆抗菌活性、凝集素活性等几种重要的体液免疫因素,研究环境胁迫对血浆蛋白及其抗菌活性的影响。结果表明:栉孔扇贝(C.farreri)血浆蛋白质量浓度约1 260~1 650μg/mL;血浆蛋白SDS-PAGE图谱显示3条蛋白带,相对分子质量分别为34 000、25 000和14 000;健康贝血浆抗菌活性指数BI为0.34,病贝BI为0.21;凝集素活力水平为1.602~2.204。氨氮胁迫下血浆蛋白浓度下降约780μg/mL,凝集素活力下降为1.301;高温胁迫下血浆蛋白质量浓度下降约为900μg/mL,凝集素活力为1.903;高盐胁迫下血浆蛋白浓度下降约为990μg/mL,凝集素活力为2.204。     

斜生栅藻对乙酰甲胺磷的急慢性毒性响应

为了解有机磷农药乙酰甲胺磷污染对本土水生敏感性物种斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的毒性效应,在实验室条件下采用静态毒性试验,研究了乙酰甲胺磷对斜生栅藻96 h急性毒性效应,并在急性试验基础上进行慢性试验,分析了斜生栅藻连续染毒14 d的叶绿素质量浓度、可溶性蛋白质量分数以及丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度的变化.结果表明:乙酰甲胺磷的96 h EC₅₀为482.9 mg/L,属低毒农药,但在1 mg/L低质量浓度下可促进藻细胞生长;乙酰甲胺磷对栅藻光合作用无明显影响,但可通过干扰藻细胞代谢活动和引起膜脂过氧化反应,对斜生栅藻产生毒性作用;可溶蛋白和MDA可作为有效的生物标志物对农药引起的毒性做出评价.研究结果可为本土水生敏感性物种的保护和农药安全使用标准的制定提供理论依据.