“A Royal Geographical Society for Ladies”: The Lyceum Club and Women's Geographical Frontiers in Edwardian London

This article reconstructs the history, organization, and campaigning function of the Geographical Circle of the Lyceum Club—a membership group that, under the leadership of Bessie Pullen-Burry (1858–1937), sought to promote and legitimize women's geographical work in early twentieth-century Britain. Through an examination of archival material and contemporary press coverage, I document the Geographical Circle's efforts to establish itself as a professional body for women geographers and to lobby for their admission to the Royal Geographical Society. Although considerable scholarly attention has been paid to women geographers’ individual contributions to the discipline, their cooperative, professionalizing endeavors have been comparatively neglected. In tracing the parallel history of the Circle as an example of women's self-organization, and of Pullen-Burry as an independent campaigner, I argue that a nuanced account of women's professionalization in geography demands attention to both individual and collective endeavors.     

Feminizing the University: The Mobilities,Careers, and Contributions of Early Female Academics in the University of Cambridge, 1926–1955

This article examines the role of early female academics at the University of Cambridge in the production and dissemination of knowledge between 1926 and 1955. A statistical comparison of women's use of academic leave of absence with that of their male colleagues reveals that, across disciplines, women were less integrated into (inter)national knowledge networks and thus less visible in their epistemic communities than men because women focused their academic leaves more on research, rarely attended conferences, traveled overseas less often than men, and went more frequently to destinations within Europe than the United States as the new economic hegemon. Biographical case studies of these early female academics demonstrate the importance, variously, of their upper middle-class background, academic excellence, and familial and nonfamilial patronage in developing their careers, overcoming multiple hurdles, and producing intellectual contributions of equal quality to that of their male peers. Conceptually, this article calls for the inclusion of academic travelers from disciplines other than geography into feminist histories of geographical knowledge and argues that rather than stereotyping gender differences, greater comparative research on the experiences of female and male academics is needed to understand the mechanisms of gender inequality within the university.     

Impact of public bus system on spatial burglary patterns in a Chinese urban context

PurposeTo examine the impact of public bus system on spatial burglary pattern in a Chinese urban context, as well as the spatial variation of this impact.MethodsLocal Moran's I, boxplot-based classification, geo-visualization, Chi-square test, and correlation analysis are used to explore the spatial coupling relationships between bus stops and burglary. Guided by routine activity approach, negative binomial regressions are performed for the developed and developing parts of the DP peninsula, as well as the whole peninsula based on proxies of potential offenders, guardians, targets, and spatial dependence.ResultsStatistically positive correlations are observed between burglary count and bus stop service capability. However, net of other factors, one more unidirectional bus route is expected to reduce burglary by nearly 2 percent for the whole area, and 4 percent for the developed area, while no statistically significant relationship is found for the developing area.ConclusionsThe bus-burglary relationships differ between the developed and developing urban areas. For the former, although burglaries concentrate around bus stops with higher service capability, the increase of bus service capability has a net impact of slightly depressing the occurrence of burglaries. Four possible mechanisms explaining this negative bus-burglary relationship in the DP peninsula are presented.     

The whiteness of gay urban belonging: criminalizing LGBTQ youth of color in queer spaces of care

Chicago’s gay village of Boystown has long been linked with whiteness, and in the past decade, tensions have flared between neighborhood residents and queer and transgender (trans) youth of color, often homeless, who come to Boystown for the many services provided by its lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) nonprofit organizations, or queer spaces of care. While scholars have attended to community policing in Boystown through the Take Back Boystown movement, the role of LGBTQ nonprofits has yet to be examined in their role of criminalizing queer and trans youth of color in the neighborhood. Through an autoethnographic approach, this paper explores how several nonprofit organizations in Boystown have adopted policing strategies toward the queer and trans youth of color they serve. I argue that community policing has infiltrated these organizations to further defend and maintain an exclusive gay urban space informed by whiteness, which marks and regulates young, Black masculinities and trans femininities as deviant, untrustworthy, and criminal. Racism diminishes the ability for queer spaces of care to fulfill their mandates of supporting queer and trans youth of color, rendering the neighborhood a space of surveillance and furthering a White gay urban belonging that alienates and criminalizes these youth.     

地理学本体论：内涵、性质与理论价值

科学哲学研究表明,本体论问题的探讨对于具体学科的科学哲学研究和理论研究都具有重要意义。本文界定了地理学本体论的内涵,讨论了地理学方法论、本体论和地理学哲学的关系,比较和分析了哲学本体论与地理学本体论之间的联系和区别,阐述了地理学本体论的性质,概括了地理学本体论的理论价值。地理学本体论包括两个层面：地理学家和地理学流派的哲学本体论观念、地理学理论的本体论承诺,地理学家的本体论影响和决定着地理学家的认识论、方法论和价值论选择,而某个地理学理论的本体论承诺则是该理论得以成立的前提和基础。     

传统节庆、身体与展演空间——基于人文地理学视觉量化方法的研究

采用人文地理学视觉量化的研究方法,结合照片评定、眼动分析及定性分析对广东汕头澄海区上社村传统节庆活动（其“拖神”活动具有鲜明的身体表达特征）的空间进行了解译。研究发现,在传统节庆活动中,身体的仪式化实践和体验可对特定的节庆时间—空间进行生产和维持,身体成为传统节庆意义生产的最小空间尺度。身体所能感受和分享的节庆情感作用于地方共同感和认同的建构,而持续的身体参与是传统节庆活动得以不断再生产和保持强盛生命力的关键。在具体研究中,照片评定和眼动仪实验等视觉量化方法的使用,通过对地方居民的空间情感体验进行直观而有效的测度,借助眼动轨迹的热点及瞳孔数据,有力地表明在传统节庆的展演空间内外,现场观众和外界“他者”的“凝视”与身体化的感知存在不同,表现出身体的空间差异性。研究对身体地理学内容的拓展和人文地理学新方法的应用都有一定价值。     

Identifying and Preventing Biopiracy in Australia: patent landscapes and legal geographies for plants with Indigenous Australian uses

There are legal and moral imperatives to protect biological resources and the ‘traditional knowledge’ associated with them. These imperatives derive from complex legal geographies: international law (such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol), State and federal laws, Indigenous customary law, codes of ethics and research protocols. This paper reports on a ‘patent landscape’ analysis of patents that refer to Australian plant species for which there is Indigenous Australian knowledge. We have identified several patents of potential new biopiracy concern. The paper highlights the way in which actors can gain private property monopolies over biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, even though there are overlapping sovereign rights and Indigenous rights claims. Regulatory gaps need to be closed nationally to fully govern the diverse human–plant bio-geographies in Australia. Further, Indigenous laws and governance have largely been ignored by these actors. We suggest that the introduction of ‘disclosure of origin’ requirements in patent applications, sui generis Indigenous knowledge protections, the development of biocultural protocols, and a more nationally consistent system for ‘access and benefit-sharing’ are required to ensure more ‘fair and equitable’ use of plants and Indigenous knowledge in/from Australia, and to ensure the recognition of Indigenous rights to knowledge.     

Work practice among advanced producer service firms – project work in space-time

This article is an explorative investigation of a sample of advanced producer service (APS) companies located in Stockholm (the capital and main urban centre of Sweden). The discussion is centred on aspects of work practice and how this is conditioned by space-time constraints. These space-time constraints refer to coupling, authority and capability constraints which are concepts framed in a time-geography approach. Although time-geography is primarily engaged in mapping presence and locations in time-space, its concepts of constraints embrace physical, social and cultural factors. The article presents an empirical in-depth study of project work and work practice among a selection of APS companies. A micro-approach to work practice has been pursued using a multi-method strategy and time-geography methodology including time diaries, interviews and a questionnaire. The experiences among the investigated companies of time-geography constraints make the constant negotiations for the practice of work among these organizations intelligible. To the extent these investigated companies may be considered representative of advanced services more generally, the presence of pressing constraints helps to explain the more general structure of this industry of high labour turnover and rapid company re-structuring processes.     

Fragility of Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Geography

This research aims to evaluate the geographical knowledge of nine teachers in the region of Valparaiso, Chile. An interpretive case study was conducted with data collected through classroom observations, interviews, and questionnaires, and these data were then analyzed through triangulation. The findings showed that these teachers, who are the most qualified within the region's context, consider geography to be marginal knowledge in the school curriculum, although they also consider it relevant to the education of their pupils. Both elements provided evidence of the fragility of their geographical knowledge, which fell within a spectrum that combines expert knowledge and lay knowledge.     

Developing Mission-Focused Outcomes for a Professional Conference: The Case of the National Conference on Geography Education

Conferences are principal mechanisms for professional organizations to advance their missions. Conference evaluations can measure mission-related outcomes in order to gauge an organization's impact on the professional growth and development of its community and other stakeholders. Using data from two recent conference evaluations, this article examines the impact of the National Conference on Geography Education in an effort to encourage a discussion about possible future directions.