MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION AND PUBLIC POLICY IN SCOTTISH CITIES: AN OVERVIEW

Because of their intensive need for face-to-face contacts, producer services have, historically, been found at the core of the central business district (CBD). However, it has been suggested that advances in information technologies could lead to the erosion of the CBD's economic base, rendering face-to-face contacts obsolete and enabling producer services to suburbanize. Although a considerable amount of empirical work has been done on the suburbanization of these activities in North America, the same is not true of France. In this paper, we adopt an original methodology to study the role played by face-to-face contacts in the spatial distribution of producer services in the Île-de-France region between 1978 and 1997. Our findings confirm that producer services did indeed suburbanize during the study period. Nonetheless, this suburbanization was multicentric, rather than scattered, suggesting that face-to-face contacts remain an important factor in the location of such services.     

珠三角地区保健微博用户的空间特征及影响因素

选择以信息流通互动水平突出的新浪微博为样本获取平台,以珠三角地区保健微博用户为样本来源地,通过相关标签检索、筛选、编码获得保健资讯生产者与关注者样本。运用社会网络分析方法、空间自相关和逐步线性回归方法,对生产者之间的社会网络交互特征、关注者的空间分布格局及其影响因素进行分析。研究结论为：1）保健微博生产者之间能够构建本地社会网络,各类型间存在显著分异,但是地区差异特征较弱;2）通讯设施和地方医疗水平是保健微博关注者出现空间分异的主要因素;3）关注者的分布仍然受到地理要素的限制。     

Measurement and interpretation of connectivity of Chinese cities in world city network, 2010

This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.     

生产性服务业视角下的城市网络构建研究进展

随着经济全球化的深入和信息技术的发展, 生产性服务业已成为地区经济增长的主要动力和产品创新的重要源泉, 其在城市网络构建中的重要作用日益受到学术界的关注。通过城市网络不同研究载体的梳理发现, 生产性服务业视角下城市网络的研究已成为西方城市研究领域的重要前沿。生产性服务业集聚与城市等级的密切关联性是城市网络构建的重要基础, 网络构建的作用力包括生产性服务业的行业属性、企业的组织结构以及城市发展的自身条件。通过对网络构建模型、网络特征和网络动态演化的综述可以发现, 生产性服务业的布局对于解释全球化和信息化影响下的中国城市网络是适用的, 但国内的研究多集中于方法的引介, 对于内在机制和演化机理关注较少。随着全球产业分工细化, 中国不再仅仅承担制造业功能, 生产性服务业已开始大规模集聚, 国内生产性服务业视角下城市网络的系统研究刚刚起步, 亟待加强。     

广州市生产性服务业规模体系与空间布局研究——总部经济浪潮中的思考

针对大城市的总部经济浪潮引发对我国大城市生产性服务业规模体系与空间布局的思考,以经济普查资料为分析基础,探讨广州市生产性服务业目前的规模体系及空间布局特征。然后,分析借鉴了西方生产性服务业发达地区的产业规模体系、空间布局经验与趋势。最后,针对产业规模及布局,提出广州生产性服务业发展的两点建议。     

北京生产性服务业与制造业的关联及空间分布

生产性服务业与制造业的有机融合、互动发展既是全球产业发展的趋势, 也是中国走 新型工业化道路的重要途径。以北京市为案例区, 运用相关分析、投入产出模型、空间自相 关模型、变异系数、地理联系率等, 对生产性服务业与制造业互动的产业关联与空间分布进 行实证研究, 旨在为首都产业结构优化、空间布局调整提供科学依据。研究表明： ① 生产性 服务业投入与制造业效益提升呈现正相关性, 但制造业服务化程度较低; ② 制造业对生产性 服务业的中间需求结构不断提升, 不同类型制造业对生产性服务业的中间需求结构存在明显 差异; ③ 生产性服务业对资源密集型制造业的中间投入趋于下降, 对技术密集型制造业的中 间投入趋于上升, 不同类型生产性服务业对制造业的中间投入结构存在明显差异; ④ 制造业 与配套生产性服务业均呈现显著的空间集聚性, 但集聚与分散的空间格局存在明显差异, 就 业空间分布的一致性较差, 进一步验证了制造业与配套生产性服务业具有空间可分性。     

中国城市群城市生产性服务功能与地理距离：网络外部性的视角

以往研究对于距离在网络外部性影响城市功能过程中的作用所知甚少,而且多关注城市网络外部性的正面效应,对城市间竞争以及由此所带来的网络外部性的负效应缺少分析。为了弥补已有研究的不足,本文采用空间的视角,以城市群内的城市生产性服务功能为例,建立一个核心-外围的空间结构来揭示城市生产性服务功能、网络外部性与地理距离之间的关系。研究发现：① 城市生产性服务功能强度随着远离城市群核心城市而上升,互联网渗透率和列车网络中心度会显著地强化这一效应;② 城市生产性服务功能随距离变化的机制在于竞争效应比协同效应对地理距离更加敏感,从而衰减更快,因而靠近核心城市的城市在生产性服务功能上遭受了“集聚阴影”,而远离核心城市的城市在功能上更多的受到了协同作用的支撑。本文结论为推进城市群内的分工协作与一体化发展提供了重要启示。     

Work practice among advanced producer service firms – project work in space-time

This article is an explorative investigation of a sample of advanced producer service (APS) companies located in Stockholm (the capital and main urban centre of Sweden). The discussion is centred on aspects of work practice and how this is conditioned by space-time constraints. These space-time constraints refer to coupling, authority and capability constraints which are concepts framed in a time-geography approach. Although time-geography is primarily engaged in mapping presence and locations in time-space, its concepts of constraints embrace physical, social and cultural factors. The article presents an empirical in-depth study of project work and work practice among a selection of APS companies. A micro-approach to work practice has been pursued using a multi-method strategy and time-geography methodology including time diaries, interviews and a questionnaire. The experiences among the investigated companies of time-geography constraints make the constant negotiations for the practice of work among these organizations intelligible. To the extent these investigated companies may be considered representative of advanced services more generally, the presence of pressing constraints helps to explain the more general structure of this industry of high labour turnover and rapid company re-structuring processes.     

Globalization,Economic Restructuring,and Locational Trajectories of Software Firms in Shanghai

Producer services are traditionally considered as place-bound and clustered in city centers to benefit from agglomeration effects. Such a pattern has been reshaped, however, by the decentralization of the service industry and the development of information and communication technology (ICT), especially for the software industry. This study investigates locational trajectories and underlying factors of software firms from 1990 to 2011 in Shanghai to detect intraurban location trajectories and spatial dynamics. We find that location of the software industry has changed from a monocentric pattern concentrated in the central city area toward a polycentric pattern with a relative decline of the core area. Using a conditional logit model, the study has found that government policies, accessibility, environmental conditions, agglomeration economies, and site characteristics are important determinants of location choice for software firms. In addition, the firm-level survey and in-depth interviews in Pudong Software Park show that government policy and planning, especially rent and tax incentives, have played a vital role in attracting software firms to locate in development zones.     

天津市生产性服务业与制造业协同发展研究

选取2004—2015年天津市生产性服务业和制造业时间序列数据,使用协整分析对二者协同发展关系进行分析,并进一步运用灰色关联分析模型对二者部门间产业关联进行了研究。结果表明:二者之间虽然存在长期均衡和协同发展关系,但也呈现出非均衡性特点,表现为制造业对生产性服务业的带动作用大于生产性服务业对制造业的支撑作用;应通过促进天津市生产性服务业与制造业融合,提升天津市技术服务类等现代生产性服务业的水平,并强化产业间关联,以实现生产性服务业和制造业协同均衡发展。