论产业集群的知识协作机制

产业集群的知识协作机制包括：信任机制和知识共享机制。其信任机制表现为：集群信任的形成是企业个体(或私人)的内在利益诉求的必然结果,也是集群环境下市场选择与市场竞争监督的“社会实施”的产物;其知识共享机制表现为：集群的空间集聚与信任特征创造了“面对面交流”的有利条件,集群的社会文化特征促进集群整体默会性知识的扩散与共享,集群的网络特征加速知识外溢与创意流动,为群内企业工作人员的知识开发与创造构筑协作平台。     

私募股权投资的估值问题研究进展

阐述了私募股权投资的估值问题.首先简要介绍了投资组合问题的发展历史与研究成果.接着较为详细地论述了私募股权投资的估值问题的研究现状,包括有限合伙人的投资组合选择,以及对投资企业的价值评估体系和评估方法的研究,并给出了所要研究的模型,即含有未支撑风险的私募股权投资模型.最后给出所要研究模型在通胀环境、Knight不确定环境下以及跳扩散环境下的拓展框架.     

No longer working for the state: residual state sector versus private sector

The paper is concerned with decreasing state ownership in post-communist Eastern Europe and a concomitant decline in the proportion employed in the state sector. Many individuals have shifted into private sector employment, self-employment or unemployment. The literature on sectoral shifts in employment in Eastern Europe is summarised, and from this it is argued that there will be a growing differentiation between private sector employees and state sector employees in economic, social and political terms. Data is then analysed based on a survey in 1995 of around 1000 households in each of four cities – Budapest, Prague, Warsaw and Krakow. Similar patterns emerged in the four cities. Consistent differences in working conditions and rewards are already evident between the self-employed, private sector and state sector. These conflicting economic interests are reflected in contrasting attitudes to the economy and polity amongst those employed in different sectors. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

CEO空间经历对中国民营企业500强总部区位选择影响分析

以我国民营企业500强为研究样本,基于2005、2011、2018年企业总部数据和CEO空间经历数据,运用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行空间可视化分析,揭示中国民营企业总部的空间格局特征,并解释了CEO的空间经历与企业总部区位布局之间的地理空间关联。研究发现：(1)我国民营企业500强总部主要分布在长三角、京津冀以及珠三角等沿海3大城市群,呈现高度密集分布特征。(2)我国民营企业500强总部主要集聚在高行政级别的城市,即集中在直辖市、副省级和省会城市。(3)从CEO空间经历与民营企业500强总部布局的地理空间关联来看,CEO的出生地、就学地与企业总部所在地在城市、省域及区域空间尺度上相同的比重较高,关联性显著。其中,CEO最后学历就学地相同数占比均达到30%以上;但不同行业关联性差异明显,制造业CEO最后学历就学地和企业总部位于同一座城市的比重小于其他产业,关联性相对较弱。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

An evaluation of the economic benefits and costs of conservation tillage

 The economic benefits of the adoption of conservation tillage depend on site-specific factors including soil characteristics, local climatic conditions, cropping patterns, and other attributes of the overall farming operation. While it is possible to draw some general inferences about components of economic returns and costs, a comprehensive assessment of the net private benefits from greater use of conservation tillage is not feasible. Received: 4 December 1997 · Accepted: 30 March 1998     

Is it time to abolish company car benefits? An analysis of transport behaviour in Germany and implications for climate change

Company cars have received considerable attention because of their partial tax-exemption and the changes in travel behaviour they stimulate, including car model choices, distances driven, and car ownership patterns. This paper is the first to present evidence on actual transport behaviour change, based on mobility and fuel diaries, and comparing a sample of 624 company cars and 9328 private cars in Germany. Analysis confirms that company cars belong to the more heavily motorized car segments (with an average 97?kW, as opposed to 79?kW of private cars), and are driven more than private cars (24,672?km per year, compared to 12,828?km per year for private cars). Company car benefits also increase average household vehicle numbers by 25%. Results show that it is imperative to distinguish company cars of company owners relative to those driven by employees, as negative externalities increase significantly where company cars are used by the latter. Abolishing company car benefits could significantly reduce emissions from passenger road transport and stimulate change in the country’s automotive industries towards a lower-carbon path. As Germany is not currently on track to meet its climate mitigation targets, this would be a timely policy shift.

Key policy insights

• Company car benefits increase transport demand, car ownership, and average vehicle fleet engine power. These effects are particularly relevant for employees.

• Company cars have, in spite of their larger size and greater engine power, a (modestly) better fuel economy than private cars, possibly because they represent more recent and hence more efficient car models.

• A policy focus on vehicle fuel efficiency improvements will fail to reduce the German car fleet’s CO₂ emissions to a sustainable level.

• Abolishing company car benefits could yield a significant reduction in GHG emissions from passenger road transport.

• Company car subsidies are an out-dated mode of support for the fossil-fuel based automotive industry.

     

私有云在市级气象业务平台的实现与应用

为了简化终端管理,提高业务人员工作效率,宁波气象部门基于vSphere架构部署了气象私有云,私有云以创新的服务模式为气象业务人员提供标准化业务环境而不受其位置、设备和时间的影响。通过共享资源池提高了资源利用率,支持各种终端以更加安全的方式访问内部资源,将终端管理集约到数据中心,有助于业务人员专注于气象核心业务。该文介绍了私有云的架构设计,详细阐述了系统部署与应用中涉及的桌面虚拟化、软件虚拟化、安全设计、优化用户体验等关键技术。并以私有云在宁波气象业务中的应用为例展示了私有云在气象领域的巨大潜力。     

A Values-Based Private Landowner Typology to Improve Grassland Conservation Initiatives

Many conservation initiatives are based on natural science alone, despite an extensive body of literature demonstrating that the incorporation of social science generates more successful and lasting outcomes. The Land Use Value (LUV) scale is an example of a social science tool that grassland conservation practitioners can use to improve their understanding of the land use decisions of private agricultural landowners. Drawing on data from a mail survey, we demonstrated the utility of the LUV scale to segment agricultural producers by four LUV types (Humans First, Nature First, Interconnected, and Disconnected) with significantly different motivations and land use behaviors. This information can be used to evaluate and align grassland conservation practices, policies, and messaging with the LUV types of private agricultural landowners. Tools like the LUV scale are critical to building the social science capacity of conservation professionals and organizations, in order to improve the efficacy of conservation initiatives.     

地理距离对中国民营企业银行贷款的影响

地理距离是企业银行贷款过程中的客观约束,而地理距离对资本流动的影响是金融地理学的基本命题.在分析地理距离对企业银行贷款作用机理的基础上,采用中国银行业分支机构与民营上市公司贷款数据,刻画城市银企贷款的地理距离特征,探究地理距离对企业银行贷款的影响.研究发现:①银企地理距离对企业贷款规模具有显著负向影响,地理距离越近,贷...