浅谈工程地质选线对山区高速(高等级)公路工程造价的影响

近年来,高速(高等级)公路建设发展迅速,降低公路工程造价是公路建设决策、设计、施工、管理等环节所必须考虑的问题。山区地质条件复杂,重视公路工程地质选线工作,深入现场调查,充分发挥遥感、物探、钻探等勘察手段在公路上的应用,是降低山区高速(高等级)公路工程造价最有效的途径。     

大别山北麓石炭纪盆地沉积和构造研究

大别山加里东构造带北麓的石炭系为残留海盆地沉积 ,分布限制在潢川—固始—肥中断裂以南和信阳—商城—金寨—舒城断裂以北 ,保存在南翼向南倒转并有逆冲推覆构造的复式向斜中 ,中部被燕山期花岗岩侵入体破坏。排除构造重复 ,石炭系总厚 >2 0 0 9m (掩盖部分未计 ) ,按岩石地层单元分 5个组 ,各组之间均为断层接触。自下而上花园墙组为以复理石为代表的深水浊积扇和具有向上变细序列的陡坡扇沉积 ;杨山组为辫状河和滨岸辫状三角洲含煤沉积 ;道人冲组为辫状河、辫状三角洲、扇三角洲及滨浅海沉积 ;胡油坊组分布最广 ,为微咸水盆地陡坡扇、浊积扇沉积 ,有特征的复理石和滑塌沉积 ;杨小庄组为碎屑海岸含煤沉积。下统和上统的界限位于道人冲组中下部厚层砾岩的底部。古水流方向以自南指向北占优势 ,物源主要来自南侧的大别山区。石炭系下统砾岩为远源硅质正砾岩 ,含大量脉石英砾石 ,母岩为岩浆热液成因 ,现已无保存 ;上统砾岩为近源陡坡环境形成的复成分、多杂基的副砾岩 ,为浊积砾岩 ,其中脉石英砾石明显减少 ,含千枚岩和沉积岩砾石 ,母岩主要来自南侧的信阳群 /佛子岭群等。复理石、滑塌、浊积砾岩的存在表明石炭系具陡坡陆缘海活动大陆边缘的沉积特征 ,并发现有少量火山岩碎屑 ,可能形成于弧后盆地。稀?     

立陡状金属矿随机介质地震正演模拟研究

地震勘探对于陡倾角地层探测效果通常不好,但有很多金属矿成高陡或立陡产状.金属矿成层性不好,岩性变化大,矿体内部具有一定的随机特征.针对这个特点,建立一个垂直和水平构造的矿体模型,在均匀介质模型的基础上加入随机参数形成随机介质模型.经过对方差大小的试验,发现当矿体方差远大于围岩方差时,矿体的反射和绕射非常明显.所以在符合...     

大倾角地形下视电阻率数值模拟

为解决大角度起伏地形即陡峭地形(如河流阶地、冲沟、堤坝、山谷、山脊等)对实测视电阻率的影响问题,这里优化了三维有限元数值模拟中的单元积分形式,使之适合大倾角地形条件下对电阻率的数值模拟.为验证方法的正确性,采用保角变换计算了相近地形在均匀电流场情况下,陡峭地形引起的视电阻率变化特征.计算表明,对于缓倾斜地形,有限元数值...     

提高水价对水资源需求的影响分析——以华北地区为例

中国已决定在3年之内把目前严重偏低的供水价格提高到保本乃至微利水平,这意味着华北地区农业供水价格将从目前的0.03元/m3左右提高到0.2元/m3～0.3元/m3,工业用自来水价格将从0.50元/m3～1.50元/m3提高到3.0元/m3～4.0元/m3,生活用水价格将从0.30元/m3～1.00元/m3提高到1.00元/m3～2.50元/m3。如此大幅度地提高水价,将对华北地区的水资源需求产生强烈的抑制作用,相对于原来预测的水资源需求量,水价提升将使水资源需求量减少25%～50%,达132～250亿m3,至少相当于“南水北调”中线和东线两项工程调往黄河以北的水量。显然,理顺水价具有很大的节水潜力。     

Impacts of sediment load on Manning coefficient in supercritical shallow flow on steep slopes

The Manning equation is one of the most widely used formulae for calculating the velocity of shallow overland flow in hydrological and erosion models. Precise estimation of the Manning's friction coefficient (n) is critical to determining overland flow and soil erosion processes. Few studies have been conducted to quantify the effects of sediment load on Manning's n on steep slopes. This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of sediment load on Manning's n in a flume with a fixed bed, under wide ranges of hydraulics and sediment loads. Slope gradient varied from 8·7 to 34·2%, unit flow rate from 0·66 to 5·26 × 10^?3 m² s^?1, and sediment load from 0 to 6·95 kg m^?1 s^?1. The Reynolds number ranged from 350 to 5899. Results showed that Manning's n varied in both sediment‐free and sediment‐laden flows ranging from 0·012 to 0·055. The apparent Manning's coefficients of sediment‐laden flow were much greater than those of sediment‐free flow. The mean Manning coefficient of sediment‐laden flow was 51·27% greater than the mean value of sediment‐free flow. For sediment‐laden flow, Manning's n could be estimated with a power function of unit flow discharge and sediment content. Further studies are needed to quantify the potential effects of sediment load on the Manning's n on erodible beds and in fields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of sediment load on hydraulics of overland flow on steep slopes

Eroded sediment may have significant effects on the hydraulics of overland flow, but few studies have been performed to quantify these effects on steep slopes. This study investigated the potential effects of sediment load on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow depth, mean velocity, Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power of overland flow in a sand‐glued hydraulic flume under a wide range of hydraulic conditions and sediment loads. Slope gradients were varied from 8·7 to 34·2%, unit flow rates from 0·66 to 5·26×10^?3 m² s^?1, and sediment loads from 0 to 6·95 kg m^?1 s^?1. Both Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr) decreased as sediment load increased, implying a decrease in flow turbulence. This inverse relationship should be considered in modeling soil erosion processes. Flow depth increased as sediment load increased with a mean value of 1·227 mm, caused by an increase in volume of sediment‐laden flow (contribution 62·4%) and a decrease in mean flow velocity (contribution 37·6%). The mean flow velocity decreased by up to 0·071 m s^?1 as sediment load increased. The Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient (f) increased with sediment load, showing that the total energy consumption increased with sediment load. The effects of sediment load on f depended on flow discharge: as flow discharge increased, the influence of sediment load on f decreased due to increased flow depth and reduced relative roughness. Flow shear stress and stream power increased with sediment load, on average, by 80·5% and 60·2%, respectively; however, unit stream power decreased by an average of 11·1% as sediment load increased. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under these controlled conditions to real‐world overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多中心空间结构对城市地价影响研究

城市地价的飞速上涨和成本提高,对企业选址、个人购房带来越来越重要的影响,城市多中心发展能否有效抑制地价亟待实证检验.基于2008年和2013年全国285个地级及以上城市的微观土地出让数据,分析城市空间结构对地价的影响.研究发现:①多中心空间结构能有效抑制城市过高地价,但会显著提升城市低段地价和城市整体平均地价;②城市多...     

岩土工程招标投标方法探讨

介绍了岩土工程招标、投标方式及程序、投标书内容及格式、标书编制原则及方法、投标报价策略及注意事项。     

稀土资源储备刻不容缓

本文基于全球稀土资源供需形势和我国储量减少的趋势分析了我国开展稀土资源储备的紧迫性.从储备规避“世贸规则”进行间接控制出口、增强在国际稀土市场的话语权以及降低国家外汇储备风险三个方面阐明了我国开展稀土资源储备的必要性.通过借鉴美国和日本在稀土矿产地和矿产品储备方面的成功经验,结合我国稀土资源储备现状,初步构建了适合我国...