What is Measured in Measuring the Mortgage Market

Mortgage activity has commonly been measured with two variables: the volume of loans and the success rate of applications. I argue that these measurements represent distinct portions of the overall mortgage market and correspond to different social, racial, and economic attributes. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for 1991 and 1992 in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, I compare a variable measuring the percentage of loan applications denied with a variable measuring the number of loans per 1,000 housing units. I find that these two variables display disparate spatial patterns, that they are associated with different census tract characteristics, and that they correspond to separate dimensions of social geography. These differences suggest that the evaluation of bank performance in meeting fair housing objectives depends on how this performance is measured. Both measurements are useful, but care must be taken in their application.     

Electoral Geography of the Sino-Thai in Thailand's National Elections, 1979–1995

Comparison of Thai and Sino-Thai participation and success rates from the seven elections taking place since 1979 show Sino-Thai participation comparable to their proportion in the country's population. Assimilationist government minority policy and electorate acceptance have served to integrate this group into the mainstream political system. There is no pattern of support for a particular political party and there are no indicators of a separate Sino-Thai political element. Their highest success rates, however, occur in regions of the country that have historically had small Sino-Thai populations. This appears to be the result of factional politics and of monetary and organizational resources needed to garner votes at the provincial level.     

知识经济时代的地理综合研究

２１世纪科学技术和知识将取代资本与劳动成为经济增长和社会发展的主导因子。知识经济时代所需求的经济增长方式，资本、信息、资源的配置格局，以及生命支撑系统的服务功能将与工业时代有很大的不同。这些变化对地理学综合研究大发展既是挑战又是机遇。本文从地理学综合研究的迫切性入手，分析了在知识经济时代综合研究的不同层次及可能涉及的领域。在此基础上，提出了地理学综合研究应在四个方面进一步深化和革新以适应知识经济时代的需求：①拓展地理综合研究的空间；②构建要素综合的非均衡观；③充分考虑科技和知识对自然和社会经济系统的强势作用；④逐步整合社会经济系统和自然环境系统。     

The water is not empty: cross‐cultural issues in conceptualising sea space

This paper provides an analysis of the neglect and marginalisation of indigenous peoples’ sea rights. It aims to explain how a complex and ecologically appropriate alternative law of the sea has largely escaped research interests and, until recently, has not been recognised by western systems of law and resource and environmental management. It is argued that the dominance of western views and concepts of nature and landscape predicated on western knowledge and values marginalises indigenous concepts of nature and undermines effective indigenous control of social space. Cultural differences between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal ways of constructing meaning in the sea provide the vantage point from which to explore the relations between differences in cultural values, property rights, and political and economic control over marine and coastal environments.     

NEW PROGRESS IN CHINA''S URBAN GEOGRAPHY

Modemurbanmpaphy0fChinabopnitsrapiddevelOPmentinthenudl970sandreachedahightideinthel980sduetothefonnationofanewresearchclimatehighlyfavorabletOthestudoftheChinesecitiessincetherefOrmofeconowhcsystemandOPedngtothe0utsideworid.Therapiddevelopmentcouldbeiden…     

论地理学研究的市场策划功能

我国经济走向市场化,地理学研究面临新的挑战,本文提出发挥地理学研究市场策划功能将能适应这种变化。策划研究力在不追求研究因子的完备性,争取时间,以达到研究成果及时出台并投入市场,有效地转化为生产力。这一观点与以往地理研究在观念上存在较大分异。     

不同桩型情况下的桩基差异沉降三维有限元分析

近年来，以控制差异沉降为目标的桩基础变刚度调平方法在我国岩土工程界正受到越来越多的重视和应用。该文用三维有限元方法研究在同一基础下采用不同桩型情况时各桩沉降和刚度的关系，探讨通过改变桩型来调整刚度，最后控制差异沉降的方法，并通过一个工程实例阐述运用不同桩型进行设计的概念和方法，达到减小差异沉降。     

盾构施工地面长期沉降的神经网络预测

基于逆传播人工神经网络方法，建立了盾构施工地面长期沉降的非线性预测模型，建立了沉降与诸多影响因素：所处位置、时间、上覆土性参数及盾构施工参数等的关系模型。通过在上海地铁2号线龙东路一中央公园站区间资料的验证，发现与实际比较吻合。     

隧道施工引起横向地层沉降的随机预测

运用随机介质理论推导的横向地层沉降理论公式计算隧道施工引起的横向地层沉降时 ,影响范围角 β和隧道收敛值ΔR比较难以确定。详细分析了这两个参数的确定问题 ,并通过工程实例验证了横向地层沉降理论公式。