2000年以来浙江省海洋产业结构演化特征与态势

浙江省是海洋经济大省,但并非强省,近10年来浙江海洋经济一直位居全国第4或第5位。海洋经济发展,深受其产业结构及布局影响。以浙江海洋产业结构演化特征为研究内容,运用2001～2010年海洋经济统计数据,采用数理统计分析与演化经济地理学方法探讨浙江海洋产业结构演化的路径依赖、创造与锁定等的具体表现。研究表明:(1)浙江海洋产业部门立足资源与区位优势趋向于多样化、产业结构渐趋合理化,但海洋产业科技含量较低、新兴海洋产业发展缓慢;(2)浙江海洋渔业、海洋交通运输业、滨海旅游业、海洋船舶工业、海洋盐业的演化过程呈现鲜明的资源依赖性和历史路径惯性作用,而海水利用业、海洋电力、海洋生物医药产业则是内生技术研发与应用发展的典范;(3)浙江部分海洋产业路径锁定解除模式与窗口选择不合时宜,如海洋交通运输业与海洋盐业等。因此,破解浙江海洋产业结构演化过程路径锁定的最佳模式是以经济社会环境综合改善集聚海洋人才,形成本土研发创新能力,攻克海洋产业核心技术与管理创新。     

A numerical interpretation of load tests on bored piles

The finite element interpretation is discussed of two load tests carried out on bentonite slurry piles bored in granular soils. The first case concerns a pile belonging to a 12 pile group. An axisymmetric finite element model that reproduces, with reasonable accuracy, the experimental results is developed. The model is then extended to three-dimensional conditions and applied to the analysis of the entire group. The results suggest some comments on the different assumptions that can be adopted in the calculations and on their effects on the global load–settlement curve of the pile group. The second case concerns a load test in which, in addition to the load–settlement data, also the axial strains along the pile were measured through electrical extensometers. The numerical back analyses highlight an apparent contradiction between the two sets of experimental data. On their bases some conclusions are drawn on the possible causes of the observed inconsistency and on the influence of the construction technology on the interaction between the pile tip and the soil underneath it.     

九江堤防塑料排水板软基处理施工技术

塑料排水板在海堤、公路、码头、水闸等软基加固工程中应用较广,塑料排水板处理软地基,是用塑料排水板将地基中的水排除,以增加作用于土颗粒的有效应力来加速地基固结沉降,达到提高强度的目的。在九江市日元贷款城市防洪工程八里湖大堤软基处理中成功应用了塑料排水板施工技术,结合该工程实例。介绍了塑料排水板施工工艺。     

西北地区高填方地基沉降的预测模型研究及分析

沉降变形一直都是困扰填方工程的关键问题,原始地基中存在的湿陷性黄土与粉质黏土会导致沉降增大以及不均匀沉降等现象的发生.因此,做好工程的沉降监测和工后预测,对于保障高填方地基的稳定性至关重要.笔者以西北某机场迁建工程中高填方沉降监测数据作为依据,分别应用双曲线、对数和指数拟合曲线对填方地基的沉降进行预测、分析与对比,总结...     

广西岩溶塌陷区某中学教学楼地基灌浆加固处理工程实例

建于中细砂层上的多层教学楼,下伏灰岩岩溶发育,地下水活动剧烈,使用7 a后,室内外地面出现陷坑,楼两端也过量沉降.文中介绍了为抢险而进行的工程物探、钻探补充勘察,进而开展地基加固治理设计、施工及沉降变形观测,及时恢复了教学楼的使用,为既有建筑物在岩溶地质灾害发育区的勘察、治理设计及施工积累了工程经验。     

CFG桩加固的效应及其应用

对CFG桩单柱承载力和CFG桩复合地基承载力及其沉降进行了分析，讲座了CFG桩复合加固效应，以工程实例说明了CFG复合地基在工程中的应用。     

基坑降水总应力变化时有效应力增量和沉降量计算

针对基坑降水引起地面沉降计算值比实际值偏大的情况，本文系统分析了潜水和承压含水层在降水后，不同条件下土中总应力及有效应力的计算。基坑降水后土体中的总应力不是通常认为的一成不变。特别是基坑降水中常遇到的降低潜水含水层水头的情况，总应力是减小的，有效应力增量值也小于孔隙水压力下降值。对比分析了通常采用的不变原理和本文提出的可变原理两种情况，降水后土体总应力和有效应力增量计算值有差异，采用分层总和法计算了基于两种原理的沉降量。潜水含水土层沉降量计算偏差最大，基于总应力不变的沉降量比总应力可变的计算沉降量约大20%。本文计算原理对于抽取深层承压地下水导致地面沉降同样适用。     

沉降监测基准网与监测网精度探讨

为了保证建筑物在沉降过程中变形观测点的观测成果的连续性、可比性，对沉降监测中基准网与监测网的观测精度匹配问题进行了详细的探讨，得出了有参考价值的结论。     

Recent geomorphological evolution of the deltas of the rivers Seman and Vjosa,Albania

Rising in the Neogene hills of the Mallakaster, the rivers Seman and Vjosa have built up two large joint deltas on the Albanian Adriatic shore. This shoreline is characterized by a low sandy coast with bars and spits. Changes in the river courses and migration of the mouths of the deltas were rapid and numerous from the Holocene period until the beginning of drainage works in the 1950s. The drainage basins of the two rivers are developed in soft clastic rocks (flysch and molasse) in the proportion of 71·4 per cent for the Seman and 44·8 per cent for the Vjosa. Both rivers carry abundant sediment loads, amounting to 6·7 × 10⁶ tonnes per year for the Vjosa and 13·2 × 10⁶ tonnes per year for the Seman. This is the reason why the alluvial deposits of the Seman have built up two‐thirds of the alluvial plain. The use of a SPOT image dated 25 May 1995 (HRV 3 081‐268) enabled us to view the effects of coastal and fluvial dynamics, the role of neotectonics as well as the predominance of the plume of suspended sediment of the Seman river. Using this image, a geomorphological map was drawn, which identifies the palaeochannels of the Seman and the Vjosa. In order to date those palaeochannels we have made an archaeological inventory from oral and written published information. The location of the sites we studied was checked systematically in the field. The mediaeval and Ottoman archives kept in Tirana also provided substantial information, as well as the reconstitution of the evolution of the shoreline between 1870 and 1990, carried out using an inventory of topographic maps. This work allowed us to reconstitute the progression of the deltas of the Seman and the Vjosa since antiquity. We may then infer that from antiquity up to the Middle Ages, the deltas of the Seman and the Vjosa both progressed very moderately and in a comparable way. However, at the end of the 15th century the Seman underwent a major change in its course, through a southward migration of the river. The natural processes of alluviation and changes in the river courses seem to have been accelerated as agricultural exploitation of the Neogene hills that form most of the drainage basin of the Seman increased. This exploitation is linked with the massive exportation of cereal from the port of Skela e Pirgut, which started in the 14th century. It appears that the 20th century has been the period of the largest progression of the deltas during historical times. The speed of progression increased as early as the beginning of the century, as a result of the rapid growth of the rural population densities. Soil erosion from arable fields increased catchment sediment yields to promote rapid changes in the river courses. This resulted in abandonment of deltaic mouths, a phenomenon leading to a straightening of the coast. Thus to the south of the present mouth of the Seman the coast receded by 7 to 30 m per year between 1968 and 1990 as a result of the abandonment of a mouth. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

德国人口地理研究

本文主要探讨了德国统一后的人口地理特征，阐述了德国人口数量的变运及其空间分布，人口构成模式的发展，人口就业和失业的区域差异及其成因，以及德国国内移民和国际移民的时空演变，目的在于揭示德国人口发展的地理问题，以便为我国的人口发展提供经验和教训。